Narrative Essay - 1444 Words

Narrative Essays: To Tell a Story There are four types of essays: Exposition - gives information about various topics to the reader. Description - describes in detail characteristics and traits. Argument - convinces the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic. Narrative - tells a story, usually from one person’s viewpoint. A narrative essay uses all the story elements - a beginning and ending, plot, characters, setting and climax - all coming together to complete the story. Essential Elements of Narrative Essays The focus of a narrative essay is the plot, which is told using enough details to build to a climax. Heres how: It is usually told chronologically. It usually has a purpose, which is usually†¦show more content†¦However, I have discovered that when reflecting on my childhood, it is not the trips that come to mind, instead there are details from everyday doings; a deck of cards, a silver bank or an ice cream flavor. One memory that comes to mind belongs to a day of no particular importance. It was late in the fall in Merced, California on the playground of my old elementary school; an overcast day with the wind blowing strong. I stood on the blacktop, pulling my hoodie over my ears. The wind was causing miniature tornados; we called them â€Å"dirt devils†, to swarm around me.† Christmas Cookies The second of the two narrative essay examples is an excerpt from â€Å"Christmas Cookies.† â€Å"Although I have grown up to be entirely inept at the art of cooking, as to make even the most wretched chef ridicule my sad baking attempts, my childhood would have indicated otherwise; I was always on the countertop next to my mother’s cooking bowl, adding and mixing ingredients that would doubtlessly create a delicious food. When I was younger, cooking came intrinsically with the holiday season, which made that time of year the prime occasion for me to unite with ounces and ounces of satin dark chocolate, various other messy and gooey ingredients, numerous cooking utensils, and the assistance of my mother to cook what would soon be an edible masterpiece. The most memorable of the holiday works ofShow MoreRelatednarrative essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essay A Brief Guide to Writing Narrative Essays Narrative writing tells a story. In essays the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the author s values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. When you re writing a narrative essay, loosen up. 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Linda Hasselstrom s A Peaceful Woman - 2044 Words

An Analysis of Sexual Harassment Through A Critique of Linda Hasselstrom’s â€Å"A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun† In â€Å"A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun† by Linda Hasselstrom, the author illustrates the difficulties women face in today’s society (354-358). Sadly, Hasselstrom writes about many times when men harassed her sexually, physically, and mentally (354). She describes one situation in which she and a friend were staying at a campground, sleeping fifteen feet away from two young men at an adjacent campsite (355). The men were drinking alcohol and discussing what they would do to the women after dark (Hasselstrom 355). Scared for their safety, the women approached the park rangers and described the scenario, but the park rangers excused the young men’s behavior, saying, â€Å"Don’t worry girls. They’re just kidding† (Hasselstrom 355). The park rangers demonstrated how insincerely men’s threats towards women are taken in our society. Also, Hasselstrom describes how other nearby campers were ignoring the men’s threat s as well (355). Therefore, since no one seemed to be concerned about their safety, Hasselstrom and her friend left their campsite and illegally proceeded to another place in the woods to camp (Hasselstrom 355). Hasselstrom also recounts another instance in which she approached several men who had littered beer bottles, and were going to the bathroom, on her property(357). Hasselstrom politely asked the men to stop what they were doing

The Crucible †Rivalries Exposed in Act Three Free Essays

string(27) " their point across first\." The play is centred on the witch trials that actually took place in Salem, Massachusetts during 1692 and 1693. Miller wrote about the event as an allegory for McCarthyism which occurred in the United States in the 1950s. McCarthyism was a time of great anti-communist suspicion in the late 1940s and 1950s. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now The key connections in the two occurrences were that many people were accused on little or no evidence and all of it was inconclusive.Also, characteristic was the hysteria in all the places where the problems struck. ‘The Crucible’, is structured around four main themes which are, hatred, feuding, revenge and conflict of authority. All these add equal twists in the play. Hatred is a strong theme throughout the Salem Witch Trials. The strictness of Puritan laws meant people were bound to break them, whether on purpose or by accident, and the strong religious views shared in Salem aroused suspicion for the most trivial of matters. As a result of this, feuding was inescapable.Petty rivalries caused many arguments in varying situations, and the resulting tense atmosphere in Salem resembled a rumbling volcano just waiting to erupt. The subsequent controversial court hearings would bring out the worst in some people and possibly the best in others. Before the play began many rivalries were already in existence. Adultery had been committed and aggressive disputes over land had occurred. Personality clashes and ancestral feuds had set families at loggerheads with one another.Consequently, when opportunities arose to make accusations, which could result in hangings, many villagers jumped at the chance with glee; thus setting up the third main theme of the play – revenge. The final main theme of ‘The Crucible’ is conflict of authority. In Salem, Massachusetts, the people had no official, outright ruler of their lands; so trials were bound to spark a dispute about authority. Salem’s folk had a reclusive leader of their Puritan church, the Reverend Parris. He called in the learned Reverend Hale to investigate the witchcraft accusations.There were many officials of the court as well, including Cheever and the overall judges of the court, Danforth and Hathorne. All these characters had their own reasons to think themselves the deserved rulers of Salem. With many wise people living in the village, you could be sure that lots of heated discussions about who should be leader would occur. In the play, many characters are revealed to the audience, but one character we are familiar with from the start, is the village’s church leader, Reverend Parris.The whole chain of events could have easily been avoided had he been prepared to take a bit of criticism from the villagers, but Reverend Parris was too paranoid to allow that. This is ironic because the more he tried to stop trouble from arising, the more it actually happened. His main fear was that people were trying to uproot him and make him lose his place in their society. He was insecure. This is shown throughout the play, for example, in Act Three he says: Parris {in a sweat}: â€Å"Excellency, you surely cannot think to let so vile a lie be spread in open court! This is an example of many different devices. The staging says he was ‘in a sweat’ because he was worried and this shows he was not a strong character. Also this comment is the first example of dramatic irony in Act Three. It was ironic because he was talking about Proctor lying, and Proctor wasn’t lying, however Parris was. This was also an exclamatory line. It was meant to persuade Danforth to believe Parris and not Proctor. This was the first of many dramatic techniques used to highlight Proctor’s and Parris’ rivalry. Its demonstration of Parris’ insecurity remains a key feature for the duration of the play.An insecure leader would not exhibit strength, allowing bolder characters to be able to affect his decisions concerning the community. It also means he was swayed by others opinions. He didn’t have a definite mind of his own because of his paranoia of being uprooted. Before the start of the play, a strong dispute between Reverend Parris and John Proctor already existed. Although the rivalry was a key part of the entire play, it was highlighted in Act Three, as I have already shown. It’s the first rivalry to be exposed in this act.The rivalry reached its peak when John Proctor was falsely accused of compacting with the devil and Reverend Parris was trying to condemn him. This caused consternation throughout the village since John Proctor was portrayed as, and regarded as, a very intelligent man throughout ‘The Crucible’. He realised that the people accusing citizens of Salem of witchcraft were the guiltiest of all. This was one device Miller often used in this play – dramatic irony. When John Proctor was forced to defend himself he was quick to turn the accusations upon Abigail Williams and Reverend Parris.As Parris was so bothered about the family’s good name, he could not let anything stand that might affect his reputation, and as Abigail was part of his family, he had to start defending her too. At this point in the play, both characters were trying to make the other look bad. A lot of facts were revealed to the court about both Proctor and Parris. As Proctor was being questioned about compacting with the devil, he was quick to point out that Parris had not mentioned the fact that he caught the girls dancing naked in the forest at the start of the play. Proctor [Taking it right up]: â€Å"Abigail leads the girls to the woods, Your Honour, and they have danced there naked -† Parris: â€Å"Your Honour, this -† Proctor [at once]: â€Å"Mr Parris discovered them himself in the dead of night! There’s the ‘child’ she is! † At this point in the play, Reverend Parris was forced to be very defensive. The fact that Proctor interrupted Parris showed how desperate each character was to get their point across first. You read "The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three" in category "Papers" With the staging saying ‘[at once]’ it conveyed the fact that Proctor did not want Parris to be given the chance to speak.Also, Proctor was very impolite in saying ‘child’ in the way he did since this would certainly offend Abigail. In the same act, Proctor also admitted the strength of his hatred for Parris. Parris once again questioned him on his attendance and Proctor was very trut hful in his reply. The language Arthur Miller used at this point in the play revealed the degree of the mutual loathing and the putting of child in inverted commas showed Proctor’s disgust at the trust being invested in Abigail whom Parris regarded as ‘young’ and ‘innocent’. Parris: â€Å"Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month! † Danforth [restrained – he is curious]: â€Å"Not come to church? † Proctor: â€Å"I-I have no love for Mr. Parris. It is no secret. But God I surely love. † Parris was the first person to come out with an exclamatory line. He accused Proctor of not being a true Christian because of his poor attendance at church, but this only provoked Proctor to come back with an honest yet harsh reply, and he couldn’t be clearer in what he was saying.Even though throughout the play, their hatred for each other was made clear, this line was still key because it showed that Proctor was not afraid to admit, in court, that he did not like the clerical leader of Salem. I think this provides evidence that their rivalry was based on hatred. Proctor may have felt that Parris should rightfully be Salem’s church leader, but he did not agree with his policies and he did not believe he would be a good leader. Whilst their rivalry reached its peak in Act Three, their argument had, as noted, been ongoing throughout the play.For instance, in Act Two, as soon as Reverend Hale arrived, he was told to investigate the accused people’s household and it was clear that Parris was extremely quick to inform him that John Proctor attended church rarely compared to most. Proctor once again expressed his opinion in full and did not water it down. He was very truthful. Hale: â€Å"Good, then. [He makes himself a bit more comfortable. ] In the book of record that Mr. Parris keeps, I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. † Proctor: â€Å"No, sir, you are mistaken. † Hale: â€Å"Twenty-six time in seventeen month, sir.I must call that rare. Will you tell me why you are absent? †¦. . † This instantly showed that Parris had asked Hale to enquire about Proctor’s lack of attendance at church. Later in the conversation Proctor gave his foremost reason. Hale: â€Å"Mr. Proctor, your house is not a church; surely your theology must tell you that. † Proctor: â€Å"It does, sir, it does; and it tells me that a Minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar. † This made it clear why Proctor disagreed with Parris’ power, as he did not believe he was focussed on God. It was ironic that Proctor just wanted to simply praise the Puritan way, whereas, the Puritan Minister had controversial ideas that went against a key part of his faith of keeping things simplistic. This was again a use of dramatic irony – a technique continued throughout the play. It was not spoken dramatic irony but its effect was nonetheless profound. Not only did Proctor and Parris have a rivalry, but so to did Proctor and Parris’ niece, Abigail. This rivalry was also set-up before the play began. Before the beginning of the play Abigail and John Proctor had had an affair. This all happened whilst Proctor had a wife. We discover in the play that only Abigail, John Proctor and Elizabeth knew of the affair and Elizabeth had found it in her heart to forgive John for his wrong-doing. Although, John Proctor sincerely regretted the affair, there remained a complication in that Abigail still loved him. Abigail was blind to Proctor’s feelings; so she kept trying to rekindle their relationship, with no regard for Elizabeth. She wanted John for herself. Her desperation became so great that she stabbed herself in the stomach with a needle and tried to frame Elizabeth Proctor for witchcraft. She says: Abigail: â€Å"Goody Proctor always kept Poppets! †In reality, Abigail had planted the poppet on Elizabeth Proctor to try and get her arrested and hanged. This exclamatory line was aimed at the court, and said thus because it had a greater dramatic effect. No other information was given to lend focus to that single point. The court took this very seriously as Abigail, ironically, had become the most trusted person in all Salem and effectively directed the court proceedings. Returning to the important exclamatory line spoken, in Act Three, by Proctor regarding Parris and Abigail, his two biggest rivals: Proctor [at once]: â€Å"Mr. Parris discovered them himself in the dead of night!There’s the ‘child’ she is! † Proctor’s exclamation aimed an attack at Abigail by referring to her as a ‘child’. This language exposed Proctor and Abigail’s rivalry. He said this because children were seen as innocent and reliable and knew Abigail was regarded as such by most of Salem. The exclamatory line was intended to put in bad light Abigail’s pretence of child-like innocence as a mask for her manipulative behaviour. It also reflected badly upon Reverend Parris since he was part of the same family. ‘Child’ is put in inverted commas in the script to emphasize its pejorative use as the main point of his exclamation.Throughout the play, Proctor wanted Abigail to be exposed for the ‘whore’ she truly was. In doing this he was even willing to ruin the excellent reputation that he had in Salem. When he admits to having an affair with Abigail, he loses the people’s respect, because he is considered to have sinned within a Puritan community. But, as we see during the entire play, John is not afraid to address unpalatable truths. John Proctor also physically attacks Abigail in the court, unable to keep a level head when he sees the trouble her lies are causing. The staging says, [Without warning or hesitation, Proctor leaps at Abigail and, grabbing her by the hair, pulls her to her feet. She screams in pain]. . . . [and out of it all comes Proctors roaring voice. ] Proctor: â€Å"How do you call Heaven! Whore! Whore! † As we witness throughout the whole play, Proctor kept his temper well and for him to physically attack someone comes as a shock to the audience. It really shows how much he hated Abigail and how enraged she has managed to make him. His roaring voice shouts ‘Whore! Whore! ’ He is saying this because of their affair. It is in fact an accusation.Abigail actions seem to be motivated by a desire to seek revenge on John Proctor because he doesn’t love her. This is pathetic, for in doing this, she makes John Proctor’s feelings of loathing for her only the stronger. In the same act Proctor exclaims: â€Å"†¦She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave! †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He knows Abigail’s wish but does not agree with it and this exclamatory line lets everyone know he is against her. Abigail effectively takes the lead in making accusations although it is an unofficial role. She can accuse whoever she wants and the blind people of Salem are hooked on her every word.They never question her judgments or decisions until Proctor provokes Danforth to do so. Even then she avoids the question by quickly faking the sensing of a spirit, a device she frequently employs to get out of awkward situations; especially when Mary Warren finally stands up to her. But Mary is not at all confident in her accusations against Abigail. She has a really strong case, but as she doesn’t really want to accuse Abigail: aware of her strong character, she weakens and Proctor does more talking than Mary. Mary and Abigail’s is the shortest-lived rivalry. It actually only appears in Act Three and no other. Mary is acting as Proctor’s puppet and in the end the rivalry affects nobody except John Proctor who eventually is accused of compacting with the devil: Mary Warren [terrified, pleading]: â€Å"Abby! † Mary at this point is pleading. The staging shows she is terrified of Abigail. She is screaming Abigail’s name. It is not only the staging that shows Mary Warren’s fear but also the use of the exclamation mark. This reveals it is an exclamatory line and so adds to the tension because it is screamed. Act Three is a point in the play where Abigail has to be defensive.She does as she usually does and accuses Mary Warren of sending her spirit on the girls. You can see by the staging how fearful Mary is, not just of the court, but also of Abby. She screams Abby’s name, begging her not to accuse her and to stop lying, but Abigail’s character is too uncaring, too cruel, too persistent, too determined and too deeply committed to back out at this stage. She, Abigail, is such an amoral person, that she will see people hang rather than be told off for the dancing that occurs at the beginning of Act One. Another rivalry that centres on Act Three is that between Reverend Hale and Danforth.Throughout the Act, there is a clear conflict of authority. Reverend Hale, being a learned Church leader, knows Abigail is lying, and that the court is corrupt. We see Hale introduced in the first Act because Parris feels that such a clever man will put his village to rest. However, being a member of the church, Hale believes strongly in witchcraft and so it takes him a while to work out what is actually going on. When he eventually discovers the truth, the town has gone into hysteria, and with no official standing, he is powerless to stop it. In Act Three, he is treated by the court as a superfluous character.No-one wishes to listen to his point of view, and he holds no authority. Danforth is prominent in the court proceedings. He is only introduced in person in Act Three for the trials. His character is a very officious one. He is seemingly unconcerned by the fact that he is killing innocent people. He is just interested in following official court proceedings. He hates his trials being interrupted and so, he seeks to dismiss any inconvenient information likely to disrupt his foregone conclusions and therefore, ends up executing unfair trials. Hale notices this and is bitterly annoyed.The two of them have many arguments. In the arguments, they are always interrupting each other and shouting each other down. Each one of them always wants to get their point across first and though Hale has the more valid arguments, the fact that he has no power shows. Hale: â€Å"But this child claims the girls are not truthful, and if they are not – † Danforth: â€Å"That is precisely what I am about to consider, sir. What more may you ask of me? Unless you doubt my probity? † Hale [defeated]: â€Å"I surely do not. Sir. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  There are many examples of dramatic techniques that are used in this section.One can see how Danforth interrupts Hale. He also asks Hale rhetorical questions. He knows Hale cannot express his doubts about him in court without the likelihood that Danforth would try him for contempt. Hale knows that ultimately Danforth is in power. Additionally, Hale makes his final remark in a ‘[defeated]’ way realising there is no point in his arguing any further. Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams have a very indirect rivalry. They don’t have any face-to-face arguments, but they talk about each other, or carry out actions to hurt the other.As already noted, Elizabeth’s husband previously had an affair with Abigail. Naturally she is bitter and possibly jealous of the girl. But that is not shown in the play. Abigail’s hatred for Elizabeth is a lot clearer. She accuses Elizabeth Proctor of being a witch, and of harming her. When she sees Mary Warren, Elizabeth Proctor’s maid, putting a needle in a poppet she is going to give Elizabeth, Abigail stabs herself in the stomach just to get Elizabeth into trouble. This reveals her determination to be rid of Elizabeth. Giles Corey and Putnam have an enduring rivalry between.Their hatred for each other has been passed down through generations. Their disputes are always concerned with ownership of land. Giles: [over Proctor’s shoulder at Putnam]: â€Å"I’ll cut your throat, Putnam, I’ll kill you yet! † This quote shows Corey’s hatred for Putnam. The staging shows Corey was about to hit Putnam but Proctor restrains him. His exclamatory line says that Corey wants to kill Putnam. There is resentment between these characters because they can’t settle who owns what land. The dispute carries on into court and Corey is eventually tried for contempt of court.At the time in which ‘The Crucible’ was set if a man was condemned to death by law his family had no rights to his possessions. As Giles was a learned man, who had been to court many times, he knew that if he was pressed to death without pleading innocent or guilty, the trial would not have been complete. This would prevent his land from being taken from his family by Putnam. So, when he is having stones laid upon him to try and force him to plead innocent or guilty, he says nothing but ‘more weight’ and consequently dies.So, although Giles Corey loses his life, he keeps his land in within his family and thus succeeds in his aim to prevent it falling into Putnam’s grasp. In conclusion, Arthur Miller’s play ‘The Crucible’ has many dramatic devices used throughout its duration, but these become particularly prominent in Act Three. They are very effective in conveying the sense of hatred and tension between many of the characters. There are clear parallels to the society in which Arthur Miller found himself and through the vehicle f the play he expresses his disagreement with the court procedures, adopted by McCarthyism, which were in many ways similar to the ‘Salem Witch Trials’. There was a huge amount of paranoia within 1950s Ameri can Government, causing members to believe that innumerable communist people were trying to undermine their political ideas and destroy the American way of life by introducing communism. This paranoia and obsession grew, leading Senator Joe McCarthy to pass laws to restrict the activities of communists. This led to trials which resembled in many aspects the witch hunts which proceeded in Salem.Indeed the McCarthy era trials came to be known as ‘witch hunts’. Highly visible investigations were conducted with much publicity, supposedly to uncover subversive political activity and disloyalty, however, they were really to harass and weaken the entire political opposition. The witch hunts in ‘The Crucible’ were similar in that they were also corrupt and weren’t really used to search for witches, but to accuse innocent people within Salem for ulterior motives, e. g. long-standing rivalries and feuds. Although set in the past, Arthur Miller’s play is a poignant reflection on the times in which he lived. How to cite The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility Legal Anthropology

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility for Legal Anthropology. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is identified as an integral part of a companys operation. Haalboom (2012) mentioned that, most of the organizations all over the world have struggled to find out the practical implication of CSR. In this assignment, a CSR audit has been conducted for the company BHP Billiton. It is Anglo-Australian Multinational mining company founded in the year of 1885 (Fisher Grant, 2012). The company has revenue of A$ 61.2 billion in 2015. The company operates of processing, mining and oil and gas production operation in more than 25 countries. The company has donated 1% of the pre-tax profit in community programs for the last three year. The company has provided US$ 241.7 million for community donations. It includes US$ 100 million contribution by the BHP Billiton corporate entitles. Detail scope of engagement In order to conduct the CSR audit, the communication auditor has been provided some specific instructions. At first, it is required to analyze the current understanding of CSR. In order to do that, it is required to refer to academic literature and industry standards. Then it is required find out CSR commitment of the company BHP by carrying out some investigations. In order to do that, it is required to find out the CSR claims embedded in the vision and strategic documentation of BHP. Then it is required to analyze whether all the claims (actions arising from BHPS governance and performance documents) are measurable or not. Then it is required to analyze whether the company can demonstrate positive impact of its CSR policy or not. After that the communication auditor needs to find out the discrepancies between communicated intention and the corporate practices. Depending on the discrepancies it is required to provide some recommendation for the company BHP to improve its CSR policie s. Critical analysis of the current understanding about CSR As Mayes Pini and McDonald (2013) stated that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a global trend in various countries. There are various policies; CSR perspective and culture have been developed to manage responsibility of various organizations. It has been found that scope of various management theories are growing and theories of CSR are changing over time. As Hilson (2012) mentioned that, CSR can be defined as the bridge of connection between ecology, social community and the corporate world. According to Bice (2015), CSR is the concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concern in their business operations in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. On the other hand, (Fisher Grant, 2012) argued that CSR is not only a mean to fulfill legal expectations and governmental policies. It also includes concerns related with society development, harmonious ecology, environment and human capital. It has been found that Corporate S ocial Responsibility has common ground with sustainable development, hence they are always associated. Theoretical Framework (perspective of CSR) The concept of CSR emerged in during 1970s. It started to gain high profile drastically during 1990s. According to Andrew et al. (2012), CSR is all about how a company allocates its value to manage the behaviour and expectations of suppliers, stakeholders, employees, government regulators and social communities. Major CSR issues are such as stakeholder engagement, community relations, human rights, governance, labor standards, environmental engagement and social equity (Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015). There are many scholars have developed research works related with CSR in the area of management. It has been found that managers are the initial driver and CSR is utilized as the management concept in the area of enterprise. According to Fisher and Grant (2012), working with CSR indicates the perspective of being responsible to the society. In the figure given below, the CSR map for an organization has been analyzed. Figure 1: CSR map for an organization (Source: Lanis Richardson, 2012) It has been found that the goal of the organization is to improve long term sustainability and profitability. The goal of economy is to increase sustainable economic development related activities (Lii Lee, 2012). It has been found that, a company has to meet some responsibilities to its stakeholders. The stakeholders include customers, society, employees, local community and investors. An organization can provide value to its customers by improving quality of products and services and reduce price of products. Bice (2014) mentioned that values for employees can be increased by improving health safety and labor standards. Engagement in community activities like donations can improve value for local community. Enhancing business ethic, protecting human rights and environments can improve value for the society (Kirschke, 2014). On the other hand transparency and accountability can improve CSR value for the investors of the organization. National Responsible Competitiveness Standing in the era of national economy development, CSR is referred as the concept to enhance national economic competitiveness. Guidance for the progression of the sustainable future can be provided by the National responsible competitiveness. It provides a cooperative analysis of the national responsible competitiveness for a huge group of countries (Bisley Coyne, 2015). In accordance to the Sate of Responsible Competitive Index, Sweden is recognized as the most responsibly competitive country (Dashwood, 2014). This nation has strong urge for sustainable development. On the other hand, China utilizes international sustainability standards as a soft power to improve responsible competitiveness of all operating organizations in this country. It indicates that the Chinese Governments and Chinese organizations al already aware about the dynamics of responsible competitiveness. C-SR Model For various theories it has been found that CSR is a part of company management that has significant impact on the outcome of the corporate performance of an organization. As Wang Li and Gao (2014) stated that, measuring Corporate social performance (CSP) of an organization can help to analyze the CSR behavior of an organization. Meehan (2006) had provided a model to analyze the competitive strategy of an organization depending on social resources that provides triple bottom line benefits to an organization. It is known as3C-SR Model. Figure 2: 3C-SR Model (Source: Kirsch, 2014) Examining the CSR commitment of BHP Identification of the CSR claims embedded in the BHPs vision and strategic documents In terms of market capitalism, BHP Billiton is termed as the worlds third largest organization. It is a global mining, gas and oil organization that has headquarters in Melbourne. As Bisley and Coyne (2015) stated that the organization operates in more than 25 countries. It has more than 41,000 employees. BHP billion strives to develop long-term value with the help of discovery. The vision statement of the company is development and conversion of natural resources and the provisions of innovative. According to Lanis and Richardson (2012), the companies always try to develop market-focused and customer focused solutions in order to improve value for customers (CSR value). The major strategy of the organization to invest in world class, low cost and export related operations that reflect diversification across the market of different geographic regions. As Mayes (2015) stated that, it is the objective of the company to create sustainable value for their employees, contractors, shareholders, business partners and customers. The company aspires to cause zero harm to people, environment and its host communities and tries to achieve sustainable industry practices. The company is actively involved in CSR practices stating that Community programs are operating at four levels across the company- local, provincial or regional, national and global. The majority of the efforts occur locally at our operations where our businesses implement programs to develop and support the communities close to us and across the business, our business is to make positive contribution to the people to our host communities. Measuring the claims of BHP Figure 3: CSR rating for BHP (Source: Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015) It has been found that, allover CSR rating of the company is 62% in comparison to all global companies. This CSR rating for the company is constant for the last two years (2014-2016) (Lodhia Hess, 2014). The community rating is 58%, environment rating is 64%, employee rating 64% and the governance rating is 62% for the organization BHP Billiton (Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015). Coal mining involvement is a special issue that has affected the CSR rating for the company. Figure 3: History of CSR rating for BHP (Source: Dashwood, 2014) There is a table given below to mention the Corporate Social Responsibility requirements identified by the company BHP. Category Needs/ Requirements Child labor According to Bluszcz and Kijewska (2015), children cannot be hired at workplace before the completing their compulsory education. The minimum age to enter into the employment must not be lower than 15 years. Compulsory or forced labor The supplier of the company BHP makes sure that there is no bonded, forced or involuntary labor is associated with the company operation. Treatment towards employees The company has developed a working environment where all employees are treated with respect and dignity. It has been found that there is no sexual, verbal and physical abuse tolerated in the working environment of BHP. Wages Wages and benefits are provided to employees depending on the job standard. The minimum wage of the company is higher than the amount mentioned in the national legal standards or local industry benchmarks. In the states where no such standard exist, the company has to develop a wage standard that can meet the requirements living for the employees and their dependants. Health and Safety at workplace The company has taken appropriate precautionary measures in order to protect workers from work related hazards. All the workers are provided health and safety training in accordance to the requirements of the jobs. The company has provided clean, healthy, safe and specious work environment to the employees (Dashwood, 2014). All the safety policies of the organization comply with the HSEC Group Level documents. Freedom of Association The suppliers of the company have to adopt an open attitude to manage the legitimate activities of the trade unions. Protection World Heritage Sites The company has to make sure that none of the sources should be gathered from World Heritage listed sites or International Union for conservation of Nature Protected Areas. Corporate Social Responsibility requirements of BHP (Source: Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015) Examining whether BHP can demonstrate positive impact on the CSR policy It has been found from various research works and industrial analysis that the company BHP has demonstrated positive impact of the CSR policy by creating various foundations to help local communities: The company has developed BHP Billiton SEWA Society in India during the year of 2005 (Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015). It is also known as BHP Billiton India development Foundation. This foundation was developed to invest in the social and human resource capabilities in India. Special focus was given to various states of India like Orissa, Jhar Khand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. It provides attention in the sectors of health, education and rural development (Dashwood, 2014). BHP has developed The Minera Escondida Foundation to provide contribution to improve the quality of the life standard of low income people of Chile. The organization has developed The Tintaya Foundation in Peru. It is an independent non-profit company which was developed to support the Tintaya Copper operation (Bisley Coyne, 2015). The main objective of this foundation is to improve and promote participation and self-management process within the community of Tintayas areas of influence. It has high contribution in the sustainable development of this area. The organization has developed the Montelibano Educational Foundation in Colombia. As Bisley and Coyne (2015) stated that this foundation is mainly trying to focus on the educational provision for Cerro Matoso employees and their families. It also helps the needy students to find out shelter from the surrounding communities. Assessing the discrepancies between communicated intention and corporate practices of BHP Despite of several positive intentions taken by the company BHP, there are some discrepancies have been found between the communicated intention and the corporate practices of the company. As mentioned that, since the starting of the industrial age, the company BHP is listed as one of the 90 companies that extract and market fossil fuel that are responsible for 66% of the global Greenhouse gas emissions. It is ranked as the 19th largest corporate polluter all over the world (Lodhia Hess, 2014). Although the company has voluntarily reporting about direct GHG emissions since 1996, the company has been criticized for lobbying against carbon pricing in Australia (Bisley Coyne, 2015). On 5th November 2015, a flood occurred from a dam that holds waste water of an iron ore mine owned by BHP Billiton. A village was flooded and there were more than 17 people died during the flood. There were more than 50 peoples get injured and it caused enormous environmental damage. It had been termed as the biggest environmental disasters occur in the history of Brazil (Bisley Coyne, 2015). Recommendations to improve CSR policies of BHP In order to solve CSR related issues, there are some recommendations have been provided for the company BHP. They are mentioned below: 1. The company has to develop renewable energy sources in order to generate electricity. 2. BHP Billiton has to use economic instrument to control emissions of Green House Gas. The economic instrument includes emission fees that give permission to the company to achieve lower environmental costs. 3. It is required by the mining company to implement extra measures of energy efficiency. It also needs to take some initiatives to minimize non energy emission like methane emission from the site of landfills. 4. The company needs to invest more in the research works in order to estimate the environmental changes more correctly. 5. The company has to instruct its suppliers to eliminate child labor. The company also has to spread equal labor rights throughout the sub contracted operations. It has been found that many mining companies cut down labor expenses by employing workers with low wages. This problem can be sorted out by developing appropriate rules and regulations related with child rights. 6. The company has to take care of the working environment of the organization. It is required to develop such a working atmosphere where all employees are treated with respect and dignity. 7. BHP has to provide clear and safe working condition to the employees and need to provide safeguarding against any kind hazard and problem they face during their work. 8. The company BHP has to team up with other parts of the society like local governments and Trade unions to make sure that the incentives and wages are given to the employees are based on the minimum national and legal standards. Conclusion In this assignment a CSR audit has been developed for the company BHP. The theoretical approaches related with CSR have been discussed in this report in order to understand the concept of CSR properly. The CSR responsibility for the company has been measured and it has been demonstrated how the CSR policies of the company can spread positive impact on the community. The discrepancies of the CSR polices have also been analyzed in report. Depending on the discrepancies some recommendations have been provided to the company for future improvement of CSR policies. Reference list Andrew, N., Wickham, M., O'Donohue, W., Danzinger, F. (2012). Presenting a Core-Periphery model of voluntary CSR disclosure in Australian annual reports.Corporate Ownership Control Journal,9(2), pp.438-448. Andrews, M. (2014). All eyes on Brazil.Australia's Paydirt,1(218), PP.65-70. Bice, S. (2014). What gives you a social licence? An exploration of the social licence to operate in the Australian mining industry.Resources,3(1), 62-80. Bice, S., (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility as Institution: A Social Mechanisms Framework.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-18. Bisley, C., Coyne, B. (2015). CSR in emerging economies and fragile states.Development-Oriented Corporate Social Responsibility: Volume 2: Locally Led Initiatives in Developing Economies, 5(4), 121-132. Bluszcz, A., Kijewska, A. (2015). Challenges of sustainable development in the mining and metallurgy sector in Poland.Metalurgija,54(2), pp.441-444. Bluszcz, A., Kijewska, A. (2015). Challenges of sustainable development in the mining and metallurgy sector in Poland.Metalurgija,54(2), 441-444. Dashwood, H. S. (2014). Sustainable Development and Industry Self-Regulation Developments in the Global Mining Sector.Business Society,53(4), 551-582. De Villiers, C., Alexander, D. (2014). The institutionalisation of corporate social responsibility reporting.The British Accounting Review,46(2), 198-212. Fisher, J., Grant, B. (2012). Beyond corporate social responsibility: Public value and the business of politics.International Journal of Business and Management,7(7), pp.2-9. Haalboom, B. (2012). The intersection of corporate social responsibility guidelines and indigenous rights: Examining neoliberal governance of a proposed mining project in Suriname.Geoforum,43(5), pp.969-979. Hilson, G. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries.Resources Policy,37(2), pp.131-137. Kirsch, S. (2014). Imagining corporate personhood.PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review,37(2), 207-217. Kirschke, J. (2014). Mining Sector CSR: Responsible Returns in a Warm Investment Climate.Engineering and Mining Journal,215(9), 64-67. Lanis, R., Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(1), PP.75-100. Lii, Y. S., Lee, M. (2012). Doing right leads to doing well: When the type of CSR and reputation interact to affect consumer evaluations of the firm.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), PP.69-81. Lodhia, S., Hess, N. (2014). Sustainability accounting and reporting in the mining industry: current literature and directions for future research.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, 43-50. Mayes, R. (2015). A social licence to operate: corporate social responsibility, local communities and the constitution of global production networks.Global Networks,15(1), pp.109-128. Mayes, R., Pini, B., McDonald, P. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and the parameters of dialogue with vulnerable others.Organization,20(6), pp.840-859. Wang, L., Li, S., Gao, S. (2014). Do greenhouse gas emissions affect financial performance?an empirical examination of Australian public firms.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(8), 505-519.

Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups Essay Example

Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups Essay In this essay I will explain the role of the law commission and discuss the role played by pressure groups and judges with regard to law reform. The law commission is made up of five people from the judiciary, the legal profession and legal academies. Generally the chairman is a high court judge and the other four include a QC experienced in criminal law, a solicitor with experience in land law and equity and two legal academics. They are assisted by legally qualified civil servants. It was set up in 1965 with its main task to be codification. In 1965 it was announced that it would begin codifying family law, contract, landlord and tenant and evidence. This wasnt its only task though, under the law commissions act 1965 the law commission was also meant to remove anomalies from the law, repeal obsolete and unnecessary legislation, consolidate the law and finally simplify and modernize the law. It operates on projects referred to it by the Lord Chancellor or government department, at times it may also work on projects itself feels necessary for consideration. Normally a project will begin with a study of the area of law in question and attempt to identify its defects. Foreign legal systems may be looked at to see how they deal with similar issues. Then it publishes a consultation paper inviting comments, it describes present law and sets out possible options for reform. The commissions final recommendations are in a report containing a draft bill where legislation is proposed. The government then decides if it accepts the recommendations of the law commission. If it does it is down to them to introduce any necessary bills in parliament. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Personally I think the law commission was weak in some areas and stronger in others. For example they didnt do very well with codification, although they were set a list of laws to codify attempts for the first few were abandoned and the last one never even begun. It is thought that the reason for this is that they realized it wasnt going to work and it didnt fit in with law making in our country. Zander suggests it was down to a mixture of conservatism and realisation on part of the draftsman, legislators and even judges that it simply didnt fit the English style of lawmaking. Although they did better with contract law, they have radically changed it by recommending control of exclusion clauses which led to the unfair contract terms act 1977, they helped in many other situations as well. A pressure group is an organized group that seeks to influence government policy or legislation. Although the term pressure groups implies they use force not all of them do, different groups have different methods. Their aim is to influence people who have the power to make decisions. Some choose to lobby MPs gaining as much publicity as possible for their cause; others may organize petitions or encourage people to write to their own MP and/or minister. Some groups tend to be more effective than others, size or persistence may be the reason for some groups success. Examples include justice a group concerned with promoting law reform in general and charities such as help the aged and shelter. As well as pressure groups and other organizations the public generally make their opinions known to MPs, ministers and to newspapers. This can lead to reform; another thing that has a great impact on reform is the media as it claims to reflect what the public think in general. Although much law reform happens as a response to pressure from one or more sources agencies such as the law commission are set up to deal with area of law referred to them by the government. The majority of law reform is carried out by parliament and is done in four ways. The first one is repeal, then creation, consolidation and finally codification.

Cellular Automata essays

Cellular Automata essays If Man can and does evolve, why not computers' Alan Turing, who argued that a computer could respond intelligently to a human asking questions, believes that the essence of the phenomenal consciousness is held within the scientific or computational aspects of biological functioning. The first step towards this end is seen in the discovery and understanding of cellular automata or CA. "CA are systems in which cells that are laid out in a regular spatial grid change color (state) according to rules that depend on the color of the cell and its nearest neighbors. By applying the same simple rules over and over again, CA can generate a wide variety of patterns, some of which are highly symmetric like snowflakes, others that appear random, and others that look basically the same on all scales (fractals)" (Naiditch 31). CA may be explained as being discrete "systems whose behavior is specified in terms of a local relation, much like the universe itself. (O)bjects that may be interpreted as passive data and objects that may be interpreted as computing devices are both assembled out of the same kind of structural elements, and subject to the same laws; computation and construction are just two possible modes of activity" (Anonymous Internet source). The concept of CA was developed by the mathematician John von Neumann in the early 1950s "and at least one of Neumann's rather complex CAinvolving 29 colorsturned out to be universal computers" (Naiditch "Cellular processing languages, such as Cellang [Eckart 1992], CARPET [Spezzano and Talia 1997], CDL, and CEPROL [Seutter 1985], allow cellular algorithms to be described by defining the state of cells as a typed variable, or a record of typed variables, and a transition function containing the evolution rules of an automaton. Furthermore, they provide constructs for the definition of the pattern of the cell neighborhood. ...

In what ways does Kathryn Bigelow undermine the conventions of action Essay - 1

In what ways does Kathryn Bigelow undermine the conventions of action cinema - Essay Example hall pay special attention to Point Break, as we seek to find out the various ways in which failed to adhere to the conventions of action drama in the drama. To begin, several critics have argued that the cast chosen by Bigelow prohibits the movie to be considered as an action movie. This is attributed to the fact that action movies as that time were expected to manifest pugnacious super-masculinity in the kind of super-muscled stars such as Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Having such characters in an action movie would give the film its ‘action’ status a meaning. However, Bigelow deviated from the norm of action movies and decided to cast Patrick Swayze and Keanu Reeves, both of whom were linked to other roles (Bigelow). For instance, at that time, Reeves was casting as slacker-dude and a boy-man while Swayze was casting as a dancer and oily lover. It is evident that both of them lacked the masculine look that characterized male characters of action movies. Bigelow also centered the movie on extreme sports in in many scenes where she could have incorporated action sequences. In an action movie, one expects to see several scenes of shooting and car-chases. However, in Point Break, the director laid emphasis on skydiving and surfing to provide main action set pieces. It is also worth noting that ‘extreme sports’ as an extension of action movies was unknown as at that time. In this case, it can be considered that the movie did not clearly portray the conventions that are characteristic of action movies. Action movies were also centered towards the notion of police fighting the bad guys and arresting them. However, in Point Break, we see something that is of the contrary to this convention. Johnny while pursuing the â€Å"Ex-Presidents† after their botched robbery, he had clear shot of Reagan, one of the thieves, to the extent that he locked his eyes with him; he failed to collect himself together to shoot; thus, leaving Reagan to escape

Communication Analysis Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Analysis Project - Essay Example I am not a well- off student. I looked well-off because while I was waiting to be admitted to my higher education, I was lucky enough to have a job in a property management company as a secretary. Every vacation I always went to work and went back to my studies when it was over . That opportunity made me to be able to afford most of expensive staff like clothes, my hair styles even the cell phone . When I went to my lectures , I dressed the way that I would going to work. Most of all I didn’t pay for my own tuition, I had a scholarship. It was very hard to walk in to a lecture room after everybody had taken their seats. The richness of how I looked drew a lot of attention. Students cheered , made bad comments while I was blindingly walking to a sit at the back. My heart pounded so heavily and I prayed to God not to fall or collapse before I reached my seat. When finally got to my seat, those I was supposed to be sitting next to moved away. If they didn’t move, they look ed at me as if there was something wrong with me. I wasn’t older than any of them, I was starting to wonder if there was something wrong with me. I made it my habit to have my seat five minutes before lectures. I was always the first person and last person to leave. That was when I met my best friend. In the second term, it became so worse that I didn’t want to answer any questions. One wrong thing I said they made sure that it haunted me. I loved my studies and I was passionate about them but the thought of waking up in the morning was tough. Retaining my composure helped me a lot .I told myself that they were going to get over it in no

Basic Principles of Curriculum & Instruction Essay

Basic Principles of Curriculum & Instruction - Essay Example The book consists of 5 chapters. Chapter 1 carries the title - What educational purposes should the school seeks to attain?. The chapter deals with defining appropriate learning objectives. Tyler’s book was in 1949 and yet it was forward looking as he as was able to things at present times in the light of was happening back then. In the book, he argued that learning could take place through the actions of the student. He thus said â€Å"It is what he does that he learns, not what the teacher does† (Tyler p. 63). This statement is still powerfully true up to time. Tyler therefore posited that the main player in learning is the student who wants to learn. He was in effect stating that the design of curriculum should be based on what the students does, his experience in the school and in the community. Chapter 2 is entitled â€Å"How can learning experiences be selected which are likely to be useful in attaining these objectives?† This chapter deals with introducing useful learning experiences that would enhance learning. This proceeds from the premise that what had happened in the student in the process of learning is useful in developing further learning. If we equate it with modern times, it may amount to what the present curriculum requirement for reflective learning. These are observed in many curriculums until today which implies that the work of Tyler still finds application. Chapter 3 is entitled: â€Å"How can learning experiences be organized for effective instruction?† The chapter deals with organizing experiences to maximize their effect on instruction. In this chapter, Tyler agreed with the wisdom of having to present experiences in a relevant and logical manner for understanding of the effective purpose of what were designed as educational objectives.

Human impact on coral reefs

Human impact on coral reefs Human Impact On Coral Reefs In The Last 30 Years Abstract Coral reefs are the homes that provide shelter for approximately one quarter of all known marine species as well as being the most diverse ecosystems. Coral reefs are vulnerable to even the slightest environmental changes. A review of the literature of the last 30 years shows that the frequency of human activity has intensified to a new level where human actions have extended to the coral reefs on a global scale. Humans are actively damaging the coral reef ecosystems on our earth. Coral reefs are overfished, poisoned by chemical pollution, smothered by sediment, and choked by macroalgae growing on nutrient rich sewage and fertilizer runoff. In the meantime, global warming and ocean acidification is a greater contribution to coral reef mortality. The main driving force behind the coral crisis is the continuing increase in human population. These will give a burden to environment, and eventually will impact on marine life, especially the coral reefs. Through the review of the past pape rs, I found that from the least and latest topic of ocean acidification to the largest one (sedimentation and nutrient enrichment), scientists are getting concerned about the problem relate to carbon dioxide which results in climate change and ocean acidification globally, especially in the recent years. Lots of coral reef scientists have risen to this key issue. Introduction â€Å"Coral reefs are evaluated to cover 284,300 square kilometers, with the Indo-Pacific region (including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific) accounting for 91.9% of the total. Southeast Asia accounts for 32.3% of that figure, while the Pacific including Australia accounts for 40.8%. Atlantic and Caribbean coral reefs only account for 7.6% of world total†. (Spalding, M., Ravilious, C., and Green, E. (2001). World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC) It is reported that Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Fiji contain almost over half of the worlds reefs. It is now generally acknowledged that coral reefs are among the most threatened global ecosystems, and among the most vital (Costanza et al. 1997; Bryant et al. 1998; Boesch et al. 2000; Reaser et al. 2000; Wilkinson 2000). However, one of the upcoming crises is a major threat of death of corals and large scale damage of coral reefs in all over the world. This crisis is partly a result of the frequency of human activities which are having a negative effect on marine ecosystems, especially on coral reef ecosystems. A study from 1998 showed that coral reefs around the world were affected by human activities (Lauretta B. et al. 1998, Fig. 2). The study showed the relative proportion of reefs at risk in five regions, with Southeast Asia having the highest area at risk. This phenomenon probably is related to the overfishing in this area which leads to coral reefs being at the highest risk compared to the rest of the world. It is known that the current situation is directly or indirectly consistent with human activities. However, the question remains that to what extent has human activity changed the coral reef ecosystems? So in this report, I would use ISI web database to search articles related to coral reefs crisis. Basically, I will try to answer this question. To do this I will discuss the various threats to coral reef, including overfishing and fish live trade issue, pollution-including terrestrial runoff, chemical compounds and sedimentation, and macroalgae overgrowth which is causing by nutr ient enrichment under the seawater, and global warming and ocean acidification which contribute to coral disease and coral mortality. Impacts Of Overfishing It is sure about that overfishing in general is a damaging problem to many coral reefs around the world. In this field, it is shown that scientists did research in the topic of overfishing and fish trade was increasing since 1990. (Figure 3) In recent years, as a result of human interference on coral reefs, coral mortality is higher than ever before. When this occurs, the algae immediately take this opportunity for growth, which results in seedlings of coral not being able to attach to the reef. This type of event highlights the important role of herbivorous fish on the restoration of coral reefs. But if herbivorous coral reef fish are captured in large numbers, ethnic groups are difficult to recover. In this situation, macroalgae continues to overgrow, and inhibits the growth of corals. For example, The Caribbean region has been hit particularly hard, with 40% of absolute coral cover lost since the late 1970s due to overfishing and macroalgae overgrowth (Gardner et al. 2003). So some authors argue that overfishing is an important reason why reef corals have declined in recent years. (Aronson et al. 2006) However, overfishing has also been due to the improvement of global fishing technology, and a variety of advanced equipment is used in the exploitation of fishing. A large number of fish becomes extinct annually. As a result of advanced fishing technology, the worlds annual catch of fish is continuing to rise. Indeed, on one hand, increased fishing will provide sufficient global supply of fish products. However, at the same time, the increase in fisheries production will reduce the global average price of fish in the global market, and this decline will lead to the reduction of fishing profits, which in turn will drive an increase in catches again, ultimately leading to a vicious circle in fisheries. On the other hand, large scale fishing can lead to the sharp decline in fish population. Without predators, algae can overgrow and suppress coral recruitment. Even though, some scientists argue that these algae are not directly killing corals. In fact, they are competing with corals in t he space and intake of light. So without light, corals will die eventually due to corals can not get nutrients to survive. (Figure 4) Pollution A major threat besides the overexploitation of fishery resources is undoubtedly the strong increase in coastal development, and discharge of untreated sewage into the near-shore waters, resulting in enormous amounts of nutrients spreading into the sea and coastal zones (Burke et al., 2002; Wilkinson, 2002; Brown et al., 2006; UNEP, 2006). For example, around 60% of the wastewater discharged into the Caspian Sea is untreated, in Latin America and the Caribbean the figure is close to 80%, and in large parts of Africa and the Indo-Pacific the proportion is as high as 80-90% (UNEP, 2006). Agricultural run-off to the ocean, Nitrogen exports to the marine environment is projected to increase at least 14% globally by 2030 (UNEP, 2006). During the past 30 years, more and more scientists were on to the problems of sedimentation and nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution and oil spills. It is shown that a big number of topics on pollution and nutrient enrichment and so on. (Figure 5 and 6) Basically, the scientists wanted to understand how did sedimentation and nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution and oil spills impact on the corals? There are various mechanisms by which these factors can harm coral reefs. First of all, suspended sediment makes water turbid which allows less sunlight to penetrate the water. With less sunlight, zooxanthellae which live within the corals tissue can not photosynthesize to produce organic nutrients that support the corals to thrive. In addition, it is known that zooxanthellae are sensitive to chemical changes (Parker et al. 2008). In industrial wastewater and farming runoff, there are always chemical compounds which can make zooxanthellae toxic to corals as well as in the case of oil spills. So to protect themselves, corals have to eject the zooxanthellae (Parker et al. 2008). After a period in this situation, corals will die. Furthermore, farming near the coast results in large quantities of sediment and soil going into sea and onto coral reefs. This dirt, silt or sand can make water muddy, smothering the corals (Rogers 1990). In addition, the use of fertilizers for farming is another problem resulting in increased nutrient flow into the ocean. The discharge human sewage leads to the nutrient enrichment in certain areas, especially in the estuary, which may result in rapid growth of algae which as mentioned before they will outcompete corals, cutting off the supply of light as well. Ocean Acidification In this area, it is shown that more and more conservationists were interesting in ocean acidification in recent years (Figure 7). It seems a very new field that scientists have only focused on just 7 years ago. It might be scientists aware of the issue of acidification rising, which is now noticing that acid level rising makes an impact on coral reefs. Ocean acidification is related to the carbon dioxide being released in to the atmosphere and reacting with seawater. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere now exceeds 380 ppm, which is more than 80 ppm above the maximum values of the past 740,000 years (Petit et al. 1999; EPICA community members, Nature. 2004). Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form a weak acid H2CO3, which results in acid levels increasing in the oceans of the world. Ocean acidification is a current key problem that all marine animals have to face, especially coral reefs. As previous mentioned that corals get organic nutrients from a mutualistic symbiont zooxanthellae to grow. These algae are sensitive to acid rising in the seawater. If the environmental conditions are changing, corals will eject algae and turn to white, a phenomenon known as coral bleaching. Global Warming With respect to global warming, corals are sensitive to the sudden temperature changing as well, which means the change of temperature is a factor causes their photosynthetic process to break down. When this happens, zooxanthellae become toxic to corals. Then, if they want to protect themselves, the corals have to expel the zooxanthellae. And they will get starved and become bleaching. As is figure 8 shown that another very important threat affecting coral reefs is global warming. The rise in temperature can result coral bleaching. It is usual to see coral bleaching just temperature a little higher than hottest summer temperature (Parker et al. 2008). Large-scale bleaching events seem to be becoming increasingly common (Wellington et al. 2001). If temperature continues to increase, in the future, this means that coral bleaching events may increase their frequency an extent of severity. Even though populations adapt and corals do survive, this pressure increases their susceptibility to disease and reduces their ability to reproduce. Overall From 11393 articles found in the literature search on the topics of coral reefs, one eighth of papers are related to the impact of human activities on coral reefs (Figure 9 and Figure 10). Of course, there should be more factors impacting on coral reefs and have contributed to their mortality. Indeed, the coral reef crisis in all over the world is getting worse and worse, even in the future the coral reef would face further threats. But this does not mean we have no ideas to save them, the figure 11 also shows that marine biologists were concerned about the coral reef crisis more than before, larger possibly because more and more scientists were aware of the importance of coral reefs to the entire marine ecosystems. Protecting coral reef ecosystems probably is an effective pathway to get most species recovered. Conclusion During the past 30 years, marine ecosystems took place some changes. The interference of human activities directly or indirectly gives more and more burden for our earth. The damaged environment makes some species become threatened species or endangered species, even critical endangered species. Even though, coral reefs are not becoming extinct, they are facing high risk which leads them to die. Indeed, the world lost a large scale of coral reefs which all due to the humans since early 20th century. From the review of the literature of the past 3 decades, scientists are focusing now more on climate changes, including global warming and ocean acidification, which results in corals death. Compared to the previous large number and key issues, like fishing and pollution problems, scientists are beginning to find more new factors that influence the coral reefs. From this trend, we can see that there should be more work to do to find a solution to marine scientists. With the population con tinuing to rise, it is difficult to imagine what will happen in the near future. For the humans, perhaps, they have to think about what they can and should do to reduce the dead of corals and the damage of coral reefs. To find a solution to solve the coral reef issues, humans have to give more actively motivations and passions to change the current situations.

A Capitalist Economy vs Socialist Economy Essay -- Capitalist Economic

A Capitalist Economy vs Socialist Economy There are a variety of economic systems today, which can influence how prosperous we will be as individuals or as a group. Socialism is an economic system where the government will be greatly involved in the economy. In a socialist economy the government can control many industries, provide public institutions such as health care and education, and equalize incomes of the population. A socialist economy is one of low unemployment and stability, where the government sets production quotas and price regulation upon their perception of the needs of the economy. On the other hand, a capitalistic economy is an economic system where there is a very limited amount of government involvement. The capitalistic economy is based on the demand of consumers and the supply of producers. There is a great advantage of living in a nation where there is a low amount of government intervention in the economy, because government intervention reduces the freedom of markets, causes a slow growing economy, and exploits the consumers in the economy. Firstly, high government intervention reduces the freedom of the markets. When the government controls an economy, the population is taxed in order to fund national programs. Taxing the consumers of the economy will reduce the personal spending, therefore causing the economy to grow in areas of public service such as education and health care instead of technology and fashion. Furthermore, the industries in a social economy are directed by quotas, which is production targets set by the government. The quotas don’t often represent the need in the economy, therefore causing a surplus or a deficit of products, which leads to small profits.... ...ions placed on industries in a social economy will affect the price, variety, and quality of products produced in their economy. In conclusion, there is a great advantage of living in a nation where there is a low amount of government intervention in the economy, because government intervention reduces the freedom of markets, causes a slow growing economy, and exploits the consumers in the economy. Capitalism provides a marketplace where industries compete in order attract more consumers, therefore providing more efficient, qualitative and plenty of variety for consumers. This efficiency, quality, and variety will help the economy grow in whatever way it wants to, making capitalism the most flexible economic systems. The nature of human beings is, one is satisfied, when he/she has provided the necessities for himself first, then the people around him.

Week Two Supervision Homework

Satisfied employees, however, refers to a feeling when they have completed a job or something that feels that they have done their job well. Either side of the argument will somehow make money, promotion and/or will get benefits. They're closely related that job satisfaction can be a motivation and/or they do it for the money, promotion and/or benefits but their satisfaction will come naturally. 2. Briefly discuss several specific actions that supervisors can take to improve employee motivation. No matter how big or small the company, motivating the team is really important to business.When people lose their motivation can create less productive, less of an asset to the business. Either way, employees' motivation will affect the overall success in a company. Praising them when they're doing well is probably the most common and most effective as a motivation factor. Providing opportunities for growth such as adding responsibilities or challenges. 3. Explain why many managers frequentl y raise the following questions: â€Å"Why didn't you do what I told you to do? † Managers have higher position than the employees being managed.Therefore, they have the privilege to make decisions and to say something like â€Å"Why didn't you do what I told you to do? † They are more experience and probably have the education to uphold the position. Since they are more experience and probably been there longer than the employees, they have gotten use to the methods they have been using. Some just don't have the time to change the nature in workplace, why change something that is not broken. Or maybe because some managers has a superiority complex and thinks that the way he wants something done is the best way. 4.Discuss the following statement: Meanings are in people, not in words. This can be explained in a lot of ways but I believe that Meanings is a personal preference. Just like the bible, it can be interpreted differently from other religion and culture even tho ugh the words are exactly the same. Don't assume people know what you mean when you tell them something. The meaning is something that will depend on their own experiences, what was learnt by others. People is what gives words meaning.. Hopefully that made any sense but this is how I believe it can actually interpreted.

Counselors as Companions and Ethics in Human Services Essay

1. Every person we come into contact with on a daily basis is able to teach us a little something about life. You just have to be open to learning. This particular counselor who was introduced to Steve for whatever cosmic reason, but left the encounter more knowledgeable about the human condition than when initially introduced. At first glance and without knowing any background on Steve the counselor could have just chalked Steve up as a special needs student who in no way was going to succeed being away from home. The councilor however took time out and got to know his student and found all the triumphs that he had been faced with and had overcome throughout the years. The counselor was able to determine that this student was in no way going to give up and fall between the cracks due to a series of unfortunate events. Every child I come in contact with on a daily basis has their own story, many of which are heart wrenching or unnerving, but yet many persevere and will become productive members of society because someone along the way has showed that they care. 2. Steve was able to benefit just as much as the counselor through this interaction. He was able to persevere and complete his education. All that Steve needed was for someone else to also see the end of the tunnel as well as he saw it. Having someone on the same page and able to stand with you through your goals is beneficial to all those involved not just the single individual with the goal. I think the biggest push anyone could ever get is having someone who does not know you say â€Å"you can’t do that†; it provides all the more motivation to prove them wrong. According to the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS), a code of ethics is an explicit statement of the values, principles, and the rules of a profession, regulating the conduct of its members† (Barker, 2001, p.84) There are two statements found in the NOHS though that best summarize this code and make it applicable to the field in which I am currently surrounded by. STATEMENT 45 Human service educators demonstrate full commitment to their appointed responsibilities, and are enthusiastic about and encouraging of students’ learning. STATEMENT 46 Human service educators model the personal attributes, values and skills of the human service professional, including but not limited to, the willingness to seek and respond to feedback from students. In reading Steve’s journey on the Hero’s Path there is an identifiable moment that relates to my current position that I have been witness to and assisted with. As a guidance secretary for a public school I have seen man types of students walk through our door. Our most recent students who have come in search of a chance to blend in with a traditional student body are two students who found themselves being best friends despite each other’s complex issues. One is an overweight 16 year old and suffers from Prader-Willi Syndrome and sneaks food from our cafeteria any chance he gets. The other a 17 year old was born with malformation of the mouth and hands. Both are part of our special education program. Because of their outward appearances, both are shunned by the other student, which has had very little effect on them. To assist them in this effort of blending in our Administrative Resource Teacher, who is popular and liked by the student body because of her understanding and helpful nature has essentially deputized these two during our busiest lunch period. In order to keep the child with Prader-Willi from stealing uneaten food and his friend from stealing anything for him, they eat their lunch and when they are done, are placed on crime watch patrol around the perimeter of the school, with our ART. The child with Prader-Willi gets exercise and it removes him from tempting treats left behind by students such as milk and chips. Both also get the satisfaction of knowing that despite their abnormalities they are regular students. During pep assemblies when the excited student body is a little overwhelming, these students also know that my office is a safe haven for them. They know that they must do work alphabetizing or organizing but they each have a task. I’ve heard many of our administrators repeat this saying time and time again â€Å"you need to know our students, in order to teacher them†, the same applies in any interaction with them. Students don’t just learn in the four walls of a classroom, they learn in every kind of environment. If you make that environment one in which they are comfortable students will return time after time to seek your guidance and model attributes they found and have seen demonstrated. References Halstead, Richard A. (2000, January). From tragedy to triumph: counselor as companion on the hero’s journey. Counseling & Values, 44(2), 100. http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals

Regulating Exotic Animal Owners in Ohio essays

Regulating Exotic Animal Owners in Ohio essays The argument that I choose was regarding the regulations of exotic animal owners in Ohio. The laxness in the regulations of exotic animal ownership only leads to the possibility of personal injury or death. The current economic situation has put a strain on many individuals financially and some private owners of exotic animals are stressing about the care of the animals. The costs to maintain the health and environment for animals such as the lion, monkey, kangaroo, and bears can be expensive. Several cases have been brought to the publics attention regarding the negligence and difficulty of keeping an exotic animal farm. For example, a man in Zanesville Ohio committed suicide after releasing many wild animals into the community. Terry Thompson had been in trouble with the law on several occasions for the possession of illegal firearms, unsafe environment for the wild animals he cared for, and a substantial debt to the IRS. Even with the government knowing of the complications Mr. Thompson was having he was still able to have a permit to possess the exotic animals. The incident in Zanesville was extreme enough for the states government to reevaluate the regulations Ohio has in order to keep wild animals for personal use and care. Another example of the consequences of loose regulation pertaining to the maintenance of exotic animals is a situation that occurred in Cleveland Ohio. Sam Mazzola owned wild animals such as wolves, tiger, lions, and coyotes. Mr. Mazzola was permitted to maintain the exotic animal farm even though his permit to display the animals was revoked. On August 20th, 2011 a caretaker on Mazzolas farm was attacked and killed by a bear. The attack possibly might have been prevented if the regulations regarding the care of the animals had been stricter. The loose rules pertaining to the ownership of exotic animals allows for mistreatment of animals, incompetence towards the care of the wild animals, ...

Socially Responsible Companies in Europe Research Paper - 1

Socially Responsible Companies in Europe - Research Paper Example The paper tells that many companies in various continents treat corporate social responsibility as a key aspect of their company survival technique. It has evolved from being a value-added concept of management to on being among the key concepts. This is because consumers evaluate theirs produces depending on how friendly they are to the environment and their conformance to most of the international laws that business ethics demand be met. Many European companies are among the leading socially responsible companies in the present society. This is true because Europe gets ranked as one of the greatest markets in the world. For this reason, the companies that operate in this zone must be willing to impress their consumers. The FTSE index provides the best tool in monitoring corporate socially responsible companies, in Europe, and the remaining parts of the world. The reshuffle of leading global responsible investment index series provides information on the companies that have adhered to environmental and social laws in the internal business arena. Companies get to fluctuate from one position to another because social laws change daily, and an organization will not be able to conform to each and every that is passed. In addition, not all corporate laws are universal. One of the most common companies that are socially responsible in Europe is Microsoft Europe. This is a company that was invented by Bill Gates and Paul Allen way back in 1975 and has since with co-operation with other companies revolutionized the software computing industry. As a software company, Microsoft does not face common responsibility in terms of social and environmental laws like other production companies. This is because it does not pollute the environment or utilize much of its resources. Despite this, social responsibility has been key to the company because it has since been expanding into different countries that harbor different social values. Microsoft has also been aware of the sec urity issue their customers get to face on the internet, hence introducing free protective softwares such as windows defender. They have also included a vast number of language packs for their software users, hence allowing their products to be used by almost everybody in the world.

Parents Should not be Punished for Their Childrens Crimes Essay - 7

Parents Should not be Punished for Their Childrens Crimes - Essay Example They believe that the behavior that children have comes from many sources such as school, friends, media and neighborhood (Rude 1). These groups of people argue that parents are not to blame, children learn from each other and they tend to have more influence on each other compared to the influence that parents may have on them (Rude 2). For instance, my 8 year old nephew had a problem in school. He broke a glass in the school’s restroom and when 8-year-old kid him ‘why did you do that?’ he said, ‘my friend told me to do that!’ Therefore, he acted according to what his friend told him and not what his parents might have taught him. This is an indication that children may not always follow what their parents teach them, they have a lot of influence from other sources (Rude 2). Although Children do not have sufficient knowledge on what is good or harmful for them, it is the responsibility of the parents to adequately guide them. For example, most of the time, children will say what they hear, regardless of whether it is good or bad. However, older people know what is good or bad and should offer guidance. If a child knows that they are likely to be punished for saying or doing certain things, they will not do them. Although it may be hard for them to know the difference between right and wrong, parents are old enough to evaluate everything and they should guide them. Thus, parents should not be totally blamed for their children’s mistakes, even though they remain the most influential people in a child’s life (Rude 1).

Psychological Analysis of the Story of Adam and Eve Essay

Psychological Analysis of the Story of Adam and Eve - Essay Example Interestingly, the Jewish story of God has a companion for him called Sophia 'Knowledge'. If God is the Oedipal father, then Sophia is the unobtainable mother. God is the mental 'superego', the judge or conscience. Adam is the Libido or Id. He is the human being of base desires; all this actions are inborn, and he lives in a state of gratification and simplicity. Eve is symbolic of the ego, which is concerned with the external reality, and the balance between physical desire and mental processes. Adam's knowledge is filtered through her; and where as Adam is unified with God's will, having no ego of his own, Eve is independent, her will is self-will, and Adam's is the will of the Other. Lucifer, as the serpent, is the symbol of a human being coming to consciousness, moving away from his parent, and beginning to reach out beyond the limitations of the Father. The serpent can be seen as the one who brings Adam and Eve out of the oedipal complex, and into the mental processes of Eros and Thanatos. In the story of Genesis, God is the Forbidding Father, or Thanatos, closely connected to the death drive; He represses the knowledge and understanding of Adam.

Edward Estlin Cummings Essay Example for Free

Edward Estlin Cummings Essay Edward Estlin Cummings was born on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts to academic parents who early on encouraged him to develop his creative gifts (Everett). His was a happy childhood; he grew up in a spacious, sunny house, his neighborhood was full of children who roamed the nearby woods and played baseball during summer or skated on a local pond in the winter (Berry, 8). When he grew up, he acknowledged the impact his parents had on him, stating that it had been â€Å"my joyous fate and supreme good fortune† to belong to such family (Berry, 8). According to Reef, Estlin once said â€Å"I did not decide to become a poet – I was always writing poetry (5)†. He did not originally start writing in the form for which he is best known today. When he was young, he wrote poetry and produced pencil drawings. His love of language was encouraged by his mother, who made up word games to encourage his creativity (Blanchard and Falcetti, 58). At the same time, his poetry is filled with descriptions and images of nature, natural elements, and natural processes (Parekh). He took his fathers pastoral background and used it to preach in many of his other poems (Eich). Estlin graduated from Harvard for his BA and MA studies. His travels took him to different places around the world. When war broke out between US and Germany in 1917, Estlin joined a Red Cross unit in France as an ambulance driver (Reef, 29). There, he and a friend were imprisoned on suspicion of espionage (www. poets. org). This experience resulted in his novel, The Enormous Room. He also traveled throughout Europe, where he met poets and artists including Pablo Picasso. He divided his life between Paris and Greenwich Village, and later between the Village and his New Hamsphire farm (Schmidt, 85). He became widely known as a whimsical and experimental poet (www. who2. com) whose radical use of â€Å"form, punctuation, spelling and syntax, abandoning traditional techniques and structures created a new, highly idiosyncratic means of poetic expression (www. poets. org)†. In addition, the landscape of New England with its animals, fields and forests influenced his poetry and infused it with images from the natural world (Shuman, 318). As Shuman succinctly point out: His poetry combines a child’s enthusiasm for the wonders of the natural world with a sophisticated adult’s wariness of official positions and conventional thinking (311). One such poem is the wonderful in just- . The poem quite simply is about the beginning of a new season: â€Å"in just-/ spring. † In this poem, Estlin â€Å"coins words, alters punctuations and invents his own typography. Thus, the poem itself represents creativity and how it spring from the earth (Phelan)†. The poem then continues on to paint a picture of Spring and embodies the themes of innocence and childhood. This poem in particular embodies his view, where Estlin himself explains: In so far as a human being is an artist, skies and mountains and oceans and thunderbolts and butterflies are immeasurable; and art is every mystery of nature (314-15). in Just- spring when the world is mud- luscious the little lame balloonman whistles far and wee and eddieandbill come running from marbles and piracies and its spring when the world is puddle-wonderful the queer old balloonman whistles far and wee and bettyandisbel come dancing from hop-scotch and jump-rope and its spring and the goat-footed balloonMan whistles far and wee e. e. cummings WORKS CITED Berry, S. L. â€Å"E. E. Cummings. † Indiana: The Creative Company, 1994. Blanchard, Mary Loving, and Cara Falcetti. â€Å"Poets for Young Adults. † New York: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. Cummings, E. E. â€Å"100 Selected Poems. † Atlanta: Grove Press, 1994. Cummings, E. E. â€Å"Commentary on Life and Art by E. E. Cummings. † New York: October House, 1965. â€Å"E. E. Cummings. † Academy of American Poets. 12 Dec 2008. http://www. poets. org/poet. php/prmPID/156 â€Å"E. E. Cummings. † A Who2 Profile. 12 Dec 28. http://who2. com/ask/eecummings. html Eich, Marty. â€Å"E. E. Cummings Biography. † 12 Dec 2008. http://famouspoetsandpoems. com/poets/e__e__cummings/biography Everett, Nicholas. â€Å"E. E. Cumming’s Life. † March 2001. Modern American Poetry. Dec 2008. http://www. english. uiuc. edu/maps/poets/a_f/cummings/cummings_life. htm Parekh, Pushpa N. â€Å"Nature in the Poetry of E. E. Cummings. † Spring Volume 3 1994: 63-71. Phelan, Julie. â€Å"Poetry analysis: in Just- by E. E. Cummings. † 12 Dec 2008. http://www. helium. com/items/1140501-google-yahoo-poetry-analysis-in-justby-ee-cummings-poetry-summary? page=1 Reef, Catherine. â€Å"E. E. Cummings: A Poet’s Life. † New York: Clarion Books, 2006. Schmidt, Michael. â€Å"The Great Modern Poets. † London: Quercus, 2006. Shuman, Robert Baird â€Å"Great American Writers. † New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002.

My socio autobiography

My socio autobiography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The world outside Korea has a lot to offer. Travel, entertainment, enjoyment, work and income privileges, friends and so much that a blissful life could offer! Childhood dreams have never remained in limbo of my dreams! Experiences in Korea during my younger years are worth remembering particularly to an international student like me the virtues my parents have told me, the culture I am exposed to and the discipline that I have learned during my younger years. A Korean enthusiast as I am, I have ventured in Vancouver, Canada to pursue my degree in Association Arts. I am Sean Woong Bi, Doo. I am born to Hyun Eun, Kim and Hong Jick, Doo. I have first seen light on earth on 1988 Jan 1st, and was born in Korea. I am older than my sister, in a family of two kids to our parents. I would have wanted to remain in Korea but the demands for education and career opportunity bring me to Canada. For purely education reasons, I decided to move here. It is personally observed that my need for education and my quest for knowledge have been greatly influenced by the growing economic condition of the country. For quite sometime now, Korea has become one of the progressive countries not only in Asia but in the world as well. The growing economic condition of Korea has brought forth higher demands of production of goods and services and in return, greater number of career opportunities. Consequently, competition for the best and top positions is becoming stif fer. Many students of my age and of the younger generation are seeking for international education to obtain better and well paying jobs back home. In particular, learning English has been highly encouraged among students. In fact most Koreans I know travel to different countries to enroll and learn English. This may pose the question, â€Å"why English?† Competition in the global economy and in reaching out to the global community, the English language has been recognized. This has been the trend that I have grown to competition in terms of educational attainment and career opportunities. In response, most parents including my parents encourage their children to have as a priority education. Hence, presently I am now a resident here being an international student; I first set foot in my town in 2001, eight years ago! Living away from home has been adventurous. It is more of an exciting experience than a tedious one! Korean culture has taught me to live an independent life; in particular, males are required to render military service at an early age that is why I have inculcated in my mind since I was young to learn to live by myself and not to depend on others. I knew then that it means living away from home to learn to defend our country. In the camp, we are taught to survive with the least supply of food, restricted communication even from families and most of all personal discipline. The rigid military training and the personal discipline which I have learned have greatly helped me adopt to my new place and to mingle well with foreign students. I have gotten along well with my friends in school and in my neighborhood. First few weeks here was not as bad as I thought it was. The things that I usually neglect doing in my own home are now my primary concerns. I have to feed myself, do the laundry and do some groceries. Learning these basic things was a lot of fun. Besides, my family has trained me to be independent in some ways. The most important learning in being an international student in my school is the discipline. Being independent and away from ones family is a challenge in itself a challenge in terms of attitude, discipline, virtues and principles in life. By being alone at an early age, I have proved to myself that the virtues I have learned while I was growing up have been very useful in my day to day living, that I could say that my parents have raised me well that I am now able to take care of myself and be a good member of society, and that people appreciate me for what I have done and what I have become. I could hardly imagine the days when I used to worry about being away from home. But I realized that the values of hard work and perseverance which may parents have taught me have helped a lot in coping with the challenges I am facing while away from them. Aside from school, I enjoy the work I have gotten into. I used to work as a promoter in a night club. Being a promoter was never a bread and butter for me, it was more of a diversion from school while earning at the same time and enjoying most of it. Getting a job myself has never been a hindrance to academic success. Koreans are exposed to this kind of arrangement school and work at the same time. I grew up in an environment where students are exposed to different experiences, not just school. Students are allowed to explore their own world, and thus are allowed to taste a bit of how it is going to be when employed. This has been part of societys way of training students to becoming more responsible citizens. This kind of arrangement is both common in Korea and Canada the reason why I immediately got myself a job. Students are sometimes given the priority in terms of employment in certain positions. It is more of living a practical reality of life. I study, I enjoy and earn at the same time. Moreover, doing both school and work at the same time is an evolution of my life, from being totally dependent from my parents particularly for financial support. It is my one way of growing up, to live up to what society expects me to do as a grown up. Slowly I realized the value of education and career. One can not do without the other. We obtain good education to land to a good career, otherwise, life would be stuck to little earnings which could hardly support the leisure of a teenager. The way I see things now may have been influenced by my childhood experiences. Childhood years were a lot fun that I thought it was. I used to be part of the horse back riding team then. In fact, I earned the horse back riding youth championship award when I was fifteen (15). At first, horse back riding was nothing but part of being a child. Then I realized that not all kids come to experience that. One important lesson I learned from it is the attitude of being competitive. From the time I got the award, I learned to exert extra effort in what I do to always give the best shot; and this does not only apply in my horse back riding competitions but in my day to day living as well. Personal outlook in life is shaped by personal experiences. Dispositions in life are also influenced with how we see life. I am lucky to have experienced what I have gone through during my younger years. At times, we take for granted the beautiful things that we do. But behind the stories they share and I share, there can be seen the real person that we are, the real person that I am shaped by the virtues I have learned all throughout my life as a kid, teenager and as an adult.