The Hutterites essays

The Hutterites papers Out in the rough West there are states of individuals called Hutterites who typify the pioneer soul yet live totally expelled from the cutting edge world. The Hutterites are Anabaptist ranchers and farmers - close cousins of the Amish - who, following quite a while of oppression in Europe, discovered strict opportunity in North America during the 1870s. Their focal confidence in a sort of Christian socialism advises all that they do. They work, venerate, and eat together, and have no close to home belongings. They do utilize PCs and innovative hardware; yet they talk an old Austrian German tongue, sew their own garments, and avoid TV, radio, or whatever else that may allow in the allurements of common realism. Hutterites live inflexibly organized lives that generally rule out individual articulation, yet they surrender this eagerly in return for the solid network bolster that guarantees profound salvation. For the Hutterites, the best approach to paradise lies through confidence, common living and a ton of difficult work. The Hutterites live in ranch networks, ardently holding to the standards their originator set down. In each Hutterite province, the clergyman or otherworldly pioneer is likewise the CEO and he, alongside a warning board, settles on the everyday choices. The pastors obligations incorporate leading church lessons, relationships, submersions, burial services, and training individuals from the congregation. The priest conveys a great deal of obligation, as it is his obligation to center and love regularly of the week. Hettorites are instructed to give up their lives and offer themselves to the network, as this is Gods will. Also, Hutterites are encouraged that they are not on earth to live it up, yet to serve the network in anticipation of time everlasting. Each Hutterite state needs to accommodate its kin. Most Hutterites are continued through horticulture. Most settlements are crop makers and have reasonable estimated ranches. They likewise raise a l ... <!

Delusional Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fanciful Disorders - Research Paper Example DD is otherwise called psychosis or distrustful issue and continues for in any event one month (Bustillo, 2008). DD might be identified with the patient’s life history or his encounters previously and is found in senior individuals ordinarily who consolidate it with sound-related mental trips. Be that as it may, DD patients don't show any irregular or unusual conduct when they mingle. DD is of different sorts relying on the sort of hallucinations being experienced by the patient. As per the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2010), these sorts incorporate Erotomanic (the patient has the dream that somebody well known is infatuated with him which may make the patient tail him); Grandiose (the patient feels that he has extraordinary capacities that improve him than others); Jealous (the patient imagines that his accomplice is selling out him); Persecutory (where the individual believes that he is being spied or harrassed); Somatic (the patiemt imagines that he has some physical variation from the norm); and, Mixed (the patient may show numerous kinds of DD). Research has demonstrated that DD patients don't act odd or bizarre when they are being social, and this is the thing that makes this issue unique in relation to other crazy issue (Schultz and Videbeck, 2008, p. 174). Except if the patient himself talks about the issue with the human services experts, it is hard to tell whether an individual is experiencing DD or not. In any case, the patient is able to settle on decisions and choices relying upon his fancies which he may not make in any case. For instance, on the off chance that he accepts that his companion is deceiving him, he may pick not grow his family which is a decision he would not have made something else. Another motivation behind why DD are not clear is that a DD quiet now and then holds so solid supposition that he doesn't imagine that he isn't right in accepting what he believe is genuine regardless of how disturbed he feels about the circumstance (Sedler, 1995). Rather than recognizing

Do you even lift COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Do you even lift COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Hi everyone, I’m Diane â€" a member of the Admissions team here at SIPA (and the in-house certified personal trainer  ) . I’d like to introduce a few resources about adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, wellness and self-care as a Columbia University student. With the academic rigor of the MIA/MPA programs, internships, extracurricular events, or even family obligations, it can be overwhelming at times to try to balance these various commitments. What students may not realize or tend to forget is that a healthy lifestyle is valuable in managing your stress, boosting productivity, and setting you up for success in your academic goals. A great resource to start with is Columbia Health â€" here you’ll find information about the benefits of physical activity and tips/advice on how to incorporate this into your everyday life. This can range from walking, cycling, yoga, weightlifting, etc. My advice is to start with a measured, attainable goal in a specific timeframe. For instance, establishing a goal of walking 10,000 steps per day within two weeks is attainable; you can start out with taking 1,000 steps the first day and gradually increasing this number day-by-day. If you want to implement resistance training â€" you can begin with two full-body workouts in the first week, then increase to 3 workouts the next. These small steps will allow you adhere to an active lifestyle much easier. Within Columbia Health, there are a couple of programs that explore wellness and self-care from a holistic approach. The Alice! Health Promotion program houses health promotion initiatives and services like women’s health, stress coping, sleep assessments, men’s health, alcohol awareness, etc. The Gay Health Advocacy Project is another program that is committed to LGBT students and provides services and resources to students from all identities and orientations such as STI testing, peer counseling, birth control education, hormone therapy, and much more. The main gym on campus is Dodge Fitness Center, which is a tri-level center that boasts two weightlifting areas, two cardio areas, an indoor track, aerobic rooms, basketball court, squash courts, and swimming pool. In order to access the gym, you’ll need to purchase a membership which isn’t included in your tuition and fees. Note: It’s better to purchase a package for the entire academic year because it’s more cost-effective. As a CU employee, my membership came out to be approximately $30 per month for the fall and spring semesters; it’s less expensive as a student. The prices for the academic year will be made available later this summer. For those who enjoy lifting, the strength training areas, primarily found on the second floor and make up a portion of the ground floor next to the basketball court, are decked out. There’s your standard dumbbell equipment, cable machines, bench press, squat racks, as well as Olympic lifting platforms with bumper plates. It can get crowded, starting from 5 PM onwards, but if you have time in the mornings or during the day, you’ll find what you need to get your lift on. The cardio areas are robust and can be found on the top level and part of the ground floor. There’s plenty of treadmills, elliptical machines, spin bikes in addition to a couple of Stairmasters and rowing machines. Cardio machines are readily more available but during evening peak times (5 PM and later), you can reserve your spot for a machine 30 minutes in advance. Guests are limited to 30 minutes of usage. The basketball court is usually open except for university events and intramural sports. I highly encourage you to visit the Health office and website to explore your options. Establishing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a full-time, graduate student will really make a difference in how you handle different situations, balance competing priorities, and take care of your body physically, mentally, and emotionally.

Share Analysis of Thorntons Plc - 1988 Words

Part 2 The chocolate industry in UK Britain really is a nation of chocolate lovers. Among the whole world, UK has the seventh highest consumption of chocolate. A British eats an average 17.49lbs of chocolate per year (The World Atlas of Chocolate, 2011). Switzerland takes the top spot. In Britain, an estimated 660,900 tones of chocolate are eaten per year which is an average of 11kg per person. The UK chocolate industry is worth  £3.6billion and sales of chocolate just keep growing and growing. The chocolate industry is a fast growing industry in UK, and the competition among the main brands is getting more and fiercer. For the investors, it is important to know the market share and the share price information of a company. These†¦show more content†¦The P/E ratio is calculated by share price divided by earnings per share or market capitalization divided by earnings. It is a relative indicator of potential growth in profits. The P/E ratio of Thorntons PLC is calculated below. | |2011  £Ã¢â‚¬â„¢m |2010 £Ã¢â‚¬â„¢m |2009 £Ã¢â‚¬â„¢m |2008 £Ã¢â‚¬â„¢m |2007 £Ã¢â‚¬â„¢m | |Market capitalization |41.2 |55.7 |50.5 |77.9 |119.2 | |Profit attributable to |(0.253) |4.354 |3.605 |6.068 |5.296 | |equity shareholders | | | | | | |P/E ratio |(-162.8) |12.8 |14.0 |12.8 |22.5 | Table2.1 P/E ratio calculate Source: Thorntons PLC Annual Rrport and Accounts 2011 From the year 2008 to 2010, the P/E ratio is around 13 which mean the share will have paid for itself in 13 years. It really a long term for the investment to pay for itself. But in the year 2007, the ratio is too high that means most shares are hopelessly overpaid. Normally, an average P/E ratio is around 10. However, the ratio in the year 2011 is appeared to be negative 162.8!!! That is caused by the falling profit. [pic] Figure2.3 Net income of Thorntons PLC from 2007 toShow MoreRelatedThe Company s Largest Manufacturer And Retailer Of Specialists Chocolates1121 Words   |  5 PagesCode+ course name Instructor’s Name University Name City, State Date of Submission Introduction Thornton plc is regarded as the U.K’s biggest manufacturer and retailer of specialists’ chocolates. Moreover, the organization has been successfully operating in the region, for over ten decades, thanks to its unique strategic decisions. This paper will discuss at length about the company’s history, mission statement, and its strategic decisions, which have made the organization, be a formidableRead MoreStrategic Management Analysis for Thorntons, the UKs largest manufacturer and Retailer of specialist chocolates5576 Words   |  23 PagesStrategic Management Thorntons Case Study THORNTONS PLC CASE STUDY STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT COURSE ï ¿ ½ OUTLINE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1.0. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3 1.2. CURRENT STATUS 5 1.2.1 SALES BREAKDOWN 5 1.2.2 STOCK INFORMATION 6 1.2.3 CURRENT STRATEGY 8 1.2.4 IMPROVED MARGIN AND COSTS 8 1.2.5 THORNTONS CAFÉ 9 2.0. CASE ANALYSIS 10 2.1. SCOPE OF BUSINESS 10 2.2. THE FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK 10 2.3. STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES 12 2.3.1 RESOURCES 12 2.3.2 COMPETENCIES 12Read MoreThorntons Strategy over the Years4024 Words   |  17 Pagescontributed to the success and problems faced by Thorntons up until 2003. Over the years, the company seems to have lost focus on its original strategy based on product differentiation and spread itself too thin in pursuit of multiple objectives. It is clear that the values on which Thorntons was originally founded were the principal reasons for the company’s initial success in Britain. From the very beginning, a combination of the quality ingredients that Thorntons had used and the manufacturing expertiseRead MoreThorntons Strategic Analysis4154 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction Thorntons is the largest, independent chocolate and confectionery company in the United Kingdom, founded by Joseph William Thornton, in Sheffield. It is a public company with both retail and manufacturing business. The company grew up from a cabin shop in 1911 over the years. His intention was to offer the best sweet shop in the town and later on after hundred years now it is the best and largest chocolate company in U.K. Today , the company is based in Derbyshire ,with 4000employersRead MoreThe War On Controlling Fraud And Abuse Essay2014 Words   |  9 Pagesnearly $5.7 billion in health care cases, up $1.9 billion from the prior fiscal year. 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Managing Conflict In The Work Place Free Essays

Workplace conflict is common in every working environment. It arises from many causes and can have an extremely destructive effect on productivity. Recent studies have even found that in more and more cases it is leading to violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Conflict In The Work Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is obviously very important for managers to quickly and effectively manage any conflict that arises. 1. 1 The causes of conflict in work are as follows; Conflicting resources, this is when employees are forced to share the use of certain resources. Conflicting styles, everybody works differently according to their own personality, strengths and weaknesses however this can often cause conflict because other employees may not like that particular style of working. Conflicting perceptions, we all see the world differently and differing opinions can often result in conflict. Also, certain people may have access to different or more information than others and so are able to perceive things differently. Conflicting goals, different people in our team may have different goals which they are working towards which could possibly be a hindrance to someone else’s goals. Also, different managers might have different priorities when it comes to how work is completed. Conflicting pressures, is very similar to conflicting goals although usually involves urgent tasks. If you need a staff member or team to complete a piece of work quickly for you but they are already working towards another urgent deadline it puts pressure on the individual or team. Conflicting roles, sometimes staff will have to take on work that they may feel doesn’t fall within their job responsibility, or they may feel that another person is being given a task that should belong to them. Different personal values, a person might be asked to complete a job that conflicts with their ethical values. Unpredictable policies, when polices or practices change within an organisation and those changes are not properly communicated conflict can arise. 1. 2 Stages in the development of conflict are as follows; No conflict, this is the ideal state for an organisation however it is likely that conflict will arise at some point. Latent conflict, people have differing values and ideas and while this is not a problem in itself, it is likely that an event will occur that will make such differences more noticeable and then conflict can arise. Emergence, at this stage team members will start to recognise that they have different ideas and values and difference can start to cause discord and tension. Escalation, if team members involved in conflict cannot find a resolution, conflict can escalate. Tensions will rise and people will start to pick sides. Stalemate, at this point conflict has escalated to a point where tensions are running high and neither party is willing to back down. De-escalation, even the most intense conflict will eventually calm down and parties will reluctantly begin to negotiate. Settlement and resolution, parties will find a solution to the problem. As a manger you may have to work closely with the team to help reach this stage amicably. Peace building and reconciliation, once parties have reached a solution it is important to repair and strengthen working relationships to prevent future conflict. 1. 3 Explain the effects of conflict on individual and team performance in the workplace. A substantive conflict relates specifically to team performance and goals. Substantive conflicts in the workplace can have a positive impact on individual and team performance by helping to refine best practice and creating a little healthy competition between teams and individuals. Working through conflicts can also be seen as a key phase of group development. However they can cause slower performance if individuals or groups are not working in ways which are compatible with the best and quickest completion of set tasks. An affective conflict tends to be about personal disagreements or dislikes, or in a group setting may relate to the assigned task. These can have a detrimental effect on a group’s ability to work together and communicate with each other effectively. When conflicts are based on personal dislikes and disagreements this can also to exclusion and bullying in the work place and staff forming cliques. This can greatly impact on employee job satisfaction, staff turnover which lead to company prosperity suffering or even litigation. 1. 4 Explain any recognised technique a manger could use to minimise and resolve conflict in the work place. Mediation is one form of conflict resolution were an impartial third party will meet with two conflicting individuals to discuss a settlement. The meeting will be private and confidential and each individual is given an equal footing and encouraged to discuss their issues freely. Mediation is a voluntary process  and conflicting parties are able to work together to find a mutual agreement. There is a high rate of compliance in mediated conflict resolution because both parties have equal say in finding a solution. 1. 5 Describe how a manager could create harmony at work and engender a positive atmosphere in order to minimise the adverse effects of conflict. Firstly and most importantly try to stamp out gossiping. Gossip has the most detrimental effect on workplace harmony. Just listening to gossip, even when not engaging in it will almost certainly affect people’s views and opinions of someone else. Ensure that all employees are treated equally and that you are not seen as playing favourites with certain staff members. Ensure staff have adequate and appropriate resources to complete their work. When hiring new staff, try hire people that you think will be a good fit with the current team. If a team member is not pulling their weight or not working to a high enough standard, make sure this is dealt with quickly to avoid leaving the situation to fester and cause discord. Have an open door policy so your staff feel like they can come to you with any problems and be listened to and supported. How to cite Managing Conflict In The Work Place, Papers

Twelfth Night free essay sample

Characters and events are important factors in plays as their interactions throughout the plot develop the central ideas or themes that the author wishes to communicate to the audience. Some common themes are investigations into common human experiences that may involve complex moral issues or questions the integrity of relationships. A play which uses characters and events to explore such important themes is Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare. The dominant themes Shakespeare introduces in Twelfth Night are love and deception. Love and deception are critical in that they embody the values for humans in todays society since love comforts humans and bring them together while deception is the betrayal of truth and honesty which causes separation and anguish. Shakespeare uses these themes in order to demonstrate a rich variety of relationships. Shakespeare presents love throughout the play to provide the audience with his perspective on love as it exists in human society including self-love, selfless love and true love. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelfth Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shakespeare illustrates the different aspects of love throughout the play by the language used including soliloquies, metaphors, motifs and symbols. Self-love is ones self indulgence disguised as love in order to fulfill or satisfy ones egotism. In Twelfth Night, self-love is represented by the characters of Olivia, Orsino and Malvolio. Olivia embodies self-love which is clearly depicted in the scene where she mourns for her dead brother and she locks herself in her own world, refusing to speak to any guests until Viola comes along to deliver Orsinos message of love. After delivering her message, Olivia approaches Viola by sending her a diamond ring (Act I Scene V). This indicates the Olivia was indulging herself in the thought of love for her brother since she completely forgets about him at the first appearance of Viola disguised as Cesario. Also, in this scene, two motifs are shown in delivering messages Viola and the diamond ring. They both represent the message of love by the two characters Olivia and Orsino. Likewise, Orsino indulges in only the thought of love which leads him to suffer in the play as he does not communicate or have interest in the outside world and only a love obsession on Olivia: If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that surfeiting, The appetite may so sicken and so die, . This is both an imagery and metaphor as he refers music as the food of love and it can be seen that he is self-indulging in the idea of love since he imagines being fulfilled with the idea of love but becomes sick of it; that is, love as a form of gluttony. Malvolio, on the other hand, represents a different kind of self-love. Although Malvolio dresses in crossed garters and yellow stockings for Olivia, he only does it for his fortune and status (Act III Scene IV). This is demonstrated to the audience in his soliloquy, I will be proud, I will read politic authors, I will baffle Sir Toby, I will wash off gross acquaintance, I will be point-device the very man. I do not now fool myself, to let imagination jade me; for every reason excites to this, that my lady loves me. By contrast, true love is a strong affection that one has for another which is constant, while selfless love is when one truly loves another but does not show it and has the courage to sacrifice for their love. The characters Viola and Antonio express true and selfless love in Twelfth Night. In the love triangle between Viola, Orsino and Olivia, Viola is the only character who is truly in love. She loves Orsino and wants to send the message across to him but realises she has to suffer for the consequences of being in disguise as a man. Her selfless and passionate love can be seen when she describes herself as someone else, She pined in thought, And with a green and yellow melancholy, She sat like Patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was this not love? This interprets that although she had to suffer from a forced silence in her passionate feelings for Orsino, she patiently accepted and waited in grief. Similarly, Antonios love for Sebastian is known as powerful as he cannot be separated from Sebastian and says, If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. This indicates that Antonio is in love with Sebastian which brings a little humour into the play as well as the aspect of homosexuality. It is therefore clear that Shakespeare demonstrates self-indulging love and true love in order to exhibit the many facets of love. Also, another major theme Shakespeare explores in Twelfth Night is deception which often causes emotional sufferings and unexpected events, situations or effects. Shakespeare demonstrates his thoughts and ideas on deception through language techniques such as the characterisation, motifs and oliloquies. Deception that is tragic is a serious and unwanted deceit or trickery by others. An example of tragic deception includes the disguise of the love triangle between Olivia, Viola and Orsino. While Viola is disguised as Cesario she realises that Olivia has fallen in love with her while she has fallen in love with Orsino, who is in love with Olivia. However, because Viola is in disguise as a man, she breaks down as she cannot express her love for Orsino and cannot deny Olivia’s love. Shakespeare uses soliloquies to express Violas inner thoughts: O time, thou must untangle this, not I; It is too hard a knot for me tuntie. As a result, her twin brother Sebastian must save the tangled love triangle by starting a relationship with Olivia and making Orsino turn to Viola. Shakespeares characterisation of Sebastian Violas twin brother is used in order to have a resolution to the tragic deception in the play. Also, deception that is in jest is the act of deceiving or tricking another in a humourous or mocking way which is the kind of deception that is delved out to Malvolio. Shakespeares characterisation is used by choosing Malvolio as the character to mock since he is targeted as the selfish, ambitious antagonist in the play. He also uses deception that is in jest to create dramatic irony in the play which is created in the play when Malvolio is tricked to dress up in crossed garters and yellow stocking and act absurdly in order to please Olivia (Act III Scene IV). Further, mistaken identity is the state of being mistaken for someone else because of the appearance similarity which can cause disasters such as a tangled situation. Mistaken identities are seen in the events that unfold such as when Viola is mistaken as Sebastian while Sebastian is mistaken as Viola. This resulted in Antonio emotionally suffering as he thought he was betrayed by Sebastian destroying the relationship between Antonio and Sebastian (Act III Scene IV). Shakespeares characterisation in choosing Viola and Sebastian to be twins was to bring together Viola and Sebastian together to resolve the confused and tangled situations such as the love triangle. This is why deception is unwanted and is often thought as a negative aspect of relationships between loved ones. Thus, themes are shaped by the characters, the relationship between them and the events that surround the characters. This is clearly demonstrated in Twelfth Night through mistaken identities, disguise, true love and self-indulging love.

Health Services Resource Management

Health Services Resource Management The Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital, being a private establishment and also a non-profit organisation utilizes its funds in the day to day running of the organisation. Of these funds, the doctors usually pay a certain amount for the use of the hospital’s consulting rooms and there are also funds from the little percentage of the total cost of treatment that is usually charged on patients.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Health Services Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hospital also has a variety of members who contribute to a health fund. The hospital charges service providers such as those offering radiology and dialysis services, the car park operators and the coffee shops for operating in the hospital. The most important source of revenue for the hospital is the health funds, which is mainly made of payments from the vast majority of the patients. This is done through per day payments or case based payments depending on the services rendered to a particular patient. The health fund agreements are usually negotiated from time to time and this is meant to increase the revenue that the hospital receives from the fund. The main hospital expenses includes: salaries paid to the staff; payments for support services such as cleaning; and the procurement of patient’s food, equipment and other utilities. The main expense of the organisation is staffing which consumes about 70 percent of the revenue allocation, which also includes agency staff. The hospital is not meant to make any profits from its operations. The aim of the hospital is to provide quality health care services to its patients who are mainly drawn from the nearby community. It also provides research and training facilities to health and medical students as well as researchers. Since it is not a profit making organisation any funds collected are reintegrated into the hospital which then sub sidises its services and also offers some services free especially to the poor in society. The major health services provided by the Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital are: pathology and radiology; orthopaedics; gynaecology and obstetrics; renal dialysis; cardiac surgery, vascular and angiography services; lung and respiratory medicine; neurosurgery; emergency medical services; intensive care units and neonatal intensive care unit and finally, outpatient clinics.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I am aware of the costs of the services provided by the hospital and I believe it is imperative that the staff be aware of the costs of the services they provide so as to be more informative to the patient. Since the payments made by the patient to the hospital are through their own funds or from the health insurance claims, it helps them plan their treatment in adva nce and manage their expenses. The Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital has a documentation system policy though this is done for official purposes only. The only information that the hospital management is keen on implementing is the hospitals cash inflows since this impact directly on their credibility as managers. However, it is imperative that the staff should document the information collected on procedures performed, patient diagnosis and stay patterns and implement the deductions given. This is meant to ensure that they provide their patients with quality services since they can have follow up records of their health status. There is, however, a general reluctance especially by the clinical staff to adopt proper documentation which can be attributed to how they were originally trained, where there is more concern on their diagnosis rather than medical histories of patients which could be of particular importance. The sale of the Mersey hospital to the commonwealth by the Tas manian government was so low since the exchange of ownership was not meant to be a gift, but rather a sale and to accommodate this technicality, the purchase price of $1 was set. In selling the hospital, the government wanted to allow the adoption of the commonwealth system of healthcare management first with the hospital as a pilot program before incorporating it to the other hospitals in Tasmania (Wynne, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Health Services Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though others may argue that the government lost in healthcare funding, it is still receiving its entitlements as well as increased funding from the commonwealth for all its other health care operations, which indicates that the deal was of great advantage to the Tasmanian government and the people of Tasmania in general. At Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital, the main fixed overheads for the hospita l are: employee salaries and benefits; building maintenance; interest expenses; capital expenditures property tax; and insurance. The main variable overheads in the hospital include: overtime wages; diagnostic services; patient care supplies; agency expenses; delivery costs; medications/drug therapy; utilities; therapy supplies; and food as well as housekeeping services. If 10% of the operating costs at Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital were to be saved, this would mainly be drawn from the agency staff and the payment of overtime staff, which is usually expensive. However, this would not influence the hospital negatively if it is coupled with the hiring of permanent staff that will be integrated into the staff schedules to achieve maximum output per employee. This should also incorporate provisions for emergency services, which, if included, should be limited to particular times so as not to have staff on standby idling. At Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital, the budgeting re sponsibility is given to the accounts department where the department establishes several cost centres and cost drivers. However, basing my analysis on what has been learnt in this course, there are some deficiencies that are notable in the way budgeting is done at Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital. Currently, it is hard to establish the real cost of a specific service as the hospital does not use the activity based costing method. Instead, things are valued in a wholesome manner where one cannot know which services are overpriced and which services are underpriced. Thus, it becomes hard for effective valuation of services in this hospital.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital do buy expensive equipments. This calls for effective capital budgeting approaches. To ensure that the hospital makes sound investment decisions, the hospital have established a competent cost and investment control department that utilizes various tools of capital budgeting. One of the main tools used by the hospital as part of its capital budgeting is the net present value as well as the analysis of the economic life of any machinery or other investments that the hospital decides to venture into. This enables the hospital to be well equipped with what is relevant as opposed to irrelevant material. The concept of capital budgeting in hospitals seems to have taken root as it was evidenced in the class discussion that most organizations are taking this issue with the gravity it deserves. There is a general tendency for hospital to move from the traditional funding where the issue of cost associated with a specific service was not important. Curre ntly, the case mix funding method being adopted lays a lot of emphasis on the number and the type of patients that a hospital serves. Therefore, the case mix method that emphasizes the product costing is important as it helps in the pricing of services to ensure that no service is offered at a loss to the hospital. The method is also important as it helps to show the adequate profit margins to ensure that hospitals do not make unethical profits at the expense of the customers. This is useful in the management and in the soliciting of funds, which is an important aspect in modern private hospitals as the rising cost of healthcare provision has ensured that the profitability of such hospitals reduce tremendously. It is worth noting that this course has been extremely helpful. There are many aspects that I have learned from the course. Of the most importance is the need to adopt a case mix or product costing model in the managerial activities of the hospital as this model ensures that every service offered by the company is done with cost consciousness. Although I work in a non-profit making hospital, the concept of product costing is important as it ensures that all the aspects of costs associated with a specific service are covered. The course will prove valuable in the quest to make Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital a place where customers pay a discount for the services provided, while all other aspects such as depreciation of equipment as well as lapsing of economic life of various hospital assets are covered by other means of funding. This means that the course will ensure that I possess the required skills to formulate service based payment policies that ensures that Dr. Efran and Bagedo General Hospital funding is sustainable not only in the short run, but also in the short run to ensure that the customers receive quality services. Reference Wynne, Michael. 2005. Health scope: The Mersey Hospital Story.  https://www.bmartin.cc/dissent/documents/heal th/healthscope_mercy.html (Retrieved)

Question Type - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

Question Type - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is a predominantly multiple choice test, with the only exceptions being a written essay and ten student-produced math questions. In total, the SAT asks 67 Critical Reading questions, 54 Mathematics questions, and 49 Writing questions. Altogether, these add up to a total of 170 questions (plus theessay). The questions typically increase in difficulty level throughout their sections, withthe exception of passage-based Critical Reading questions, which chronologically follow their accompanying passage(s). Note: this article is a series in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free students' and parents' SAT / ACT guide that provides encyclopedic knowledge. Read all the articles here! Of these 170 questions, 160 are multiple choice and have five lettered answer choices, A, B, C, D, and E. The remaining 10 are student-produced Mathematics questions, alsoreferred to as "grid-ins." To answer these grid-in questions, students write their solutions on a special section of the answer sheet. The grids for each response allow for up to four digits. Students can also write in a decimal point or fraction bar. Despite variations in difficulty level, each multiple choice question is weighted equally towards a student's score. A student'sraw score, based on the number of his/her correct, incorrent, and skipped answers, is converted to a scaled score between 200 and 800 for each section through a process called equating. This process takes into accountthe scores achieved by all test-takers on a given date. For the essay, which is graded by two readers, students receive a subscore between 2 and 12. The essay prompt typically includes a quote or short excerpt, oftenrelated to a philosophical or social issue, followed by a question. This question asks the student to develop a point of view and support it with examples from his/her reading, studies, experience, or observation. There is a0.25 point deduction for wrong answers on multiple choice, so students benefit from taking a strategic approach to which questions they answer and which ones they skip. Many SAT tutors suggest that students guess if they can confidently eliminate at least one choice among the five possible answers. Students can also be strategic about how much time they spend on each question, taking into consideration the difficulty level of each and how they can gain the most points. Students receive their scores about three weeks after taking the SAT. College Board score reports present each student's correct and incorrect answers by section and question type. Students may also pay an additional $18 for College Board's Question and Answer service, which gives a detailed report of the student's answers to each question. The Question and Answer service is only available for tests taken in October, January, and May. Redesign Alert Starting in March 2016, the redesigned SAT will feature multiple choice questions with four answer choices (A, B, C, and D) instead of the current five. The new SAT will have rights-only scoring, meaning there will be no more penalties for wrong answers. Critical Reading and Writing will be scored together out of 800, and the maximum composite score will be 1600. Read more from theSAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading How to Get and Interpret Your SAT Results Should You Get SAT Question and Answer Service for Score Verification? Should You Guess on the SAT? 6 Guessing Strategies

Describe the most important events during the period, 19001940 Essay

Describe the most important events during the period, 19001940. Explain why the events you have chosen are the most important - Essay Example Significantly, Women's Suffrage in the United States was a gradual achievement through the 19th Century and early 20th Century which culminated in 1920 with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution which maintained that the right of citizens of the nation to vote shall not be denied or abridged in view of sex. The Great Depression, the severe worldwide economic depression in the decade prior to the World War II, originated in the US, caused by the stock market crash known as Black Tuesday, and it is one of the most damaging and deepest depressions in the history of modern man. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, also called the Wages and Hours Bill, is another crucial event during the period and this established a national minimum wage and time and a half for overtime in certain jobs. "The main objective of the act was to eliminate 'labor conditions detrimental to the maintenance of the minimum standards of living necessary for health, efficiency and well-bein g of workers' The Fair Labor Standards Act also prohibited child labor in all industries engaged in producing goods in inter-state commerce. The act set the minimum age at 14 for employment outside of school hours in non-manufacturing jobs, at 16 for employment during school hours, and 18 for hazardous occupations." (Fair Labor Standards Act). Therefore, Women's Suffrage, the Great Depression, and the Fair Labor Standards Act are three of the most crucial events in the US history during the period between 1900 and 1940 and the effect of these events is evident even the contemporary years. One of the most essential events in the US history during the period between 1900 and 1940 is of course Women's Suffrage which was implemented in 1920 with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution and accordingly the right of citizens of the nation to vote will not be denied or abridged in view of sex. "The Nineteenth Amendment further points to the link between the Progressive era and direct democracy." (Vile, 2006, p 207). Women's Suffrage in the US has given rise to many important developments in the US history and it contributed to the modern women's movement which aims at the liberation of women in every aspect of life. "After gaining the right to vote in1920, women engaged in little independent political activity until 1960s Feminism gained additional impetus from young women who entered politics to support the civil rights movement or to oppose the Vietnam War." (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt, 2008, p 161). Therefore, Women's Suffrage in the United States was a crucial event during the period 1900-1940 as it had various effects on the socio-political development of the nation. The Great Depression, which originated in the US, has been one of the most important events in the decade prior to the World War II and it was mostly damaging to the US economy, though it had devastating effects in almost every country of the world. It affected almost every aspect of the growth of the

Private Equity in Developing Countries Case Study

Private Equity in Developing Countries - Case Study Example Exit might be accomplished by means of preliminary public offering (IPO) of the investee company’s stocks on a stock market, or by offering the investment to a trade purchaser or a different fund. The past many years have observed a growth in private equity action in the developing world. This continues to be fuelled mainly by institutional traders located in America. The causes of this progress are many. Among them has been the latest quick development of numerous developing nations and the recreation of curtails on international savings in lots of these nations. Possibly just as crucial has been the current insight by numerous institutional traders that the profits from private equity assets in the U.S. will probably decline in forthcoming years. (Claessens 78) While detailed data is difficult to find, a handful of instances can help depict these habits. In 1994 alone, private equity revenue located in Hong Kong and China brought up a full amount of $3.1 billion in funds. Two-thirds of the capital originated from outside Asia, with the solitary biggest supply being U.S. establishments. This total was greater than the total produced by specialist private equity establishments there since the initial fund was brought up in Hong Kong in 1981. In 1994 and 1995, Latin American revenue produced $1 .4 billion. This symbolized many times the quantity that had been brought up in the past by revenue in the area. India, Eastern Europe, South Africa, and Israel are simply some of the other places where a variety of private equity funds have long been or currently are now being produced. Furthermore, funds founded in the U.S. are more and more spending instantly in deals in the developing world, frequently in combination with these funds. Traders started to deem growing markets when planning some new investment territories in the past due 1990s. PE is usually related to high profits on investment in comparison to other forms of

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

How far a person will go to accomplish a dream has no limits. If it includes self-reinvention, illegal acts, and self-indulgence the dream may not be as a result significant. But that is the case, in The Great Gatsby, by F Scott Fitzgerald, as the narrator Nick tells the accomplishments and wasted acts of the man known as Gatsby. Nick chooses to tell us this story to illustrate the consequences of Gatsby a man who he in the end has a positive opinion of and respects for his courage at attempting to fulfill a futile dream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nick, the narrator, tells Gatsby’s story to paint a picture of an American Dream and how it becomes so crucial to accomplish a certain part of the dream that one becomes careless; which leads into other outside ambitions that alter the dream and which is therefore never accomplished. Nick summarizes this by saying â€Å"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past† (189). This quote is most significant because it sums up the book and how it can be applied to Gatsby’s life and the life of numerous others. It says â€Å"we† are like boats beating against the current meaning that people struggle to prosper for a dream but never truly achieve happiness. Although people to some extent do prosper they desire more and more that ultimately forget, dim or glorify the purpose of the dream and that leads t them into never attaining happiness. Gatsby’s life is an example of all of this because he reached hig h for Daisy’s love but in the end did not receive it because he was rather immoral in his journey in doing so. The end of Gatsby’s story is full of sad events and the reader must read between the lines. The reader must come to understand that Nick tells us Gatsby’s story as an example of what not to do, so that somehow readers can learn from the mistakes others commit and their own so that humanity can live more of a complete life. From the beginning Nick tells us how he controversially feels about Gatsby. Nick says â€Å"Gatsby who represented everything for which I have and unaffected scorn† (6) later goes on and says â€Å"Gatsby turned out all right at the end† (6). It is difficult for the reader to come to a conclusion as to what Nick’s opinion of Gatsby is.

How American and British towns and cities are preparing for peak oil

Peak oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of global petroleum extraction is reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline. This is expected to happen at the midpoint of depletion, that is, when only half the oil that will ever be produced has been consumed, and the other half is still underground. When oil production starts to decline, the economic impacts will be dramatic. Economic growth is largely dependent upon a growing oil supply. The International Energy Agency has forecast oil demand to expand at a rate of 1.3% annually over the period 2004-2030. This is likely to lead to large spikes in the oil price along with the price of gas and electricity which are closely linked on financial markets. British local authorities are now starting to consider the potential impact of peak oil on their services and communities. The preparations they have made are as follows: Woking Borough Council in Surrey has achieved major cuts in the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of its buildings largely by converting to combined heat and power (CHP), that is, small, local gas fired power stations, which provide both electricity and heats to buildings nearby. CHP is highly efficient because it exploits the large amounts of heat that are normally wasted in electricity generation to provide space heating and hot water. Woking says this approach has cut gas consumption by as much as 30% and emissions by even more which is a great achievement. But although Woking has cut its gas consumptions, its dependency upon gas is now even higher than before because a far greater proportion of its total energy comes from this single source. Woking is now proud that it now generates 82% of its own electricity, and distributes it through a private wire network. The preparations the US cities have made are as follows: In the Arlington County, Virginia, the board has published an environmental initiative called fresh AIRE (Arlington Initiative To Reduce Emissions) This document outlines the aims put in place in the right direction towards preparing for peak oil: – Increase purchase of wind-generated electricity from 3% of the total electricity purchased by the county to 5% – Install solar energy technology (eg: solar water heating) in one or two county facilities to demonstrate its efficiency and effectiveness. – Prepare a strategic energy plan and a climate action plan for County operations and the community. – Plant at least 1,200 trees in 2007. The measures put in place are as follows: – Many transportation options, including transit, and the development of a Master Transportation Plan. – An energy-efficient County fleet, including hybrid-electric vehicles, vehicles running on bio-diesel fuel, and ART buses powered by natural gas. – An aggressive tree planting program, which includes the purchase of wind-generated electricity. – A renewable energy program, which includes the purchase of wind-generated electricity. The document also recommends three things that individuals can do for themselves, which again would also be useful in beginning to mitigate peak oil – Drive a fuel-efficient car, walk, bike, or take transit. If 10 people trade in cars that get 24 miles per gallon for more efficient cars that get 40 miles per gallon, this action alone would reduce CO2 emissions by 40000 lbs per year which is equivalent of taking four of those cars off the road. – Get an energy audit, and implement the recommendations. This year, the county will support 20 demonstration home energy audits. I recently purchased an energy audit for my home and have learned many things I can quickly do to save on energy costs. – Replace one frequently-used light bulb with a compact fluorescent bulb. If every household took this simple step, Arlingtonians would achieve the emissions equivalent of removing 1,000 cars from our roadways and save a million dollars a year. It was suggested by experts that the County should distribute at least 2,000 compact fluorescent light bulbs at public events, to reduce CO2 by 100 tons.

Your Tequila May Contain Methanol

Happy Cinco de Mayo! If your holiday celebration includes tequila, you may be interested to know the American Chemical Society (ACS) has found that some tequila contains methanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol. What are these chemicals? In case youre wondering, no, these are not good and desirable chemicals to drink. The alcohol in alcoholic beverages that you drink is ethyl alcohol or ethanol (grain alcohol). Methanol (wood alcohol) and other alcohols are the types that can make you go blind and otherwise cause permanent neurological damage, not to mention give you a nasty hangover. The ACS purposely timed the release of the results to coincide with Cinco de Mayo, to raise awareness of the quality control issue. Tequila made from 100% blue agave tended to have higher levels of undesirable chemicals than other types of tequila (pure agave tequila is usually considered superior). What This Means Does this mean tequila somehow bad? No, actually tequila is one of the best-regulated alcoholic beverages in the world. The results not only point out a potential health hazard for this drink but also indicate other beverages are probably adulterated with contaminants. Its the nature of distillation. The process relies on boiling point differences between liquids, which means good control of temperature is key. Also, the first and last portion of alcohol that is distilled (the heads and the tails) contain other compounds besides ethanol. Not all of these molecules are bad, so a distiller may choose to retain a certain amount. Then, there is a risk of picking up contaminants during the aging process. Its tricky, which is why top-shelf tequila is likely way better than home-grown moonshine, as far as your health goes. Yet, its possible to distill alcohol without unwanted compounds. Why does the problem persist? Its partly a matter of economics, where a distillery determines what level of contamination is acceptable. Increasing purity decreases yield which decreases profit. Its partly a compromise between making a product with premium flavor, color, and scent while keeping toxins to a minimum.

Narrative Essay - 1444 Words

Narrative Essays: To Tell a Story There are four types of essays: Exposition - gives information about various topics to the reader. Description - describes in detail characteristics and traits. Argument - convinces the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic. Narrative - tells a story, usually from one person’s viewpoint. A narrative essay uses all the story elements - a beginning and ending, plot, characters, setting and climax - all coming together to complete the story. Essential Elements of Narrative Essays The focus of a narrative essay is the plot, which is told using enough details to build to a climax. Heres how: It is usually told chronologically. It usually has a purpose, which is usually†¦show more content†¦However, I have discovered that when reflecting on my childhood, it is not the trips that come to mind, instead there are details from everyday doings; a deck of cards, a silver bank or an ice cream flavor. One memory that comes to mind belongs to a day of no particular importance. It was late in the fall in Merced, California on the playground of my old elementary school; an overcast day with the wind blowing strong. I stood on the blacktop, pulling my hoodie over my ears. The wind was causing miniature tornados; we called them â€Å"dirt devils†, to swarm around me.† Christmas Cookies The second of the two narrative essay examples is an excerpt from â€Å"Christmas Cookies.† â€Å"Although I have grown up to be entirely inept at the art of cooking, as to make even the most wretched chef ridicule my sad baking attempts, my childhood would have indicated otherwise; I was always on the countertop next to my mother’s cooking bowl, adding and mixing ingredients that would doubtlessly create a delicious food. When I was younger, cooking came intrinsically with the holiday season, which made that time of year the prime occasion for me to unite with ounces and ounces of satin dark chocolate, various other messy and gooey ingredients, numerous cooking utensils, and the assistance of my mother to cook what would soon be an edible masterpiece. The most memorable of the holiday works ofShow MoreRelatednarrative essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essay A Brief Guide to Writing Narrative Essays Narrative writing tells a story. In essays the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the author s values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. When you re writing a narrative essay, loosen up. 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The days prior to the due date, I recalled many experiences, but when I attempted to write them down on paper, I was notRead MoreEssay on Narrative Assignment654 Words   |  3 PagesUnit 2 narrative Assignment Kaplan University Pamela Baker HU 300 – 25 Folk tale, fairy tales, and fables have been used for generations and have been passed down from generation to generation to teach children about morals, what’s right and wrong, cultures and believes. The emotional connection to feelings that children develop from them will help them develop a sense of belonging. Folk tales, fairy tales and fables have changed over time depending on how and where they are told but theRead MoreThe Searchers Narrative Structure Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesFrom Boy to Man: The Searchers Through the Eyes of Martin Pawley The narrative structure of John Ford’s The Searchers is centered primarily around the actions and knowledge of men. 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The plotRead More Narrative and Narrator: An Analysis of Joseph Andrews Essay3068 Words   |  13 PagesNarrative and Narrator: An Analysis of Joseph Andrews      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the novel was coalescing into a distinct form of literary expression, Henry Fielding introduced a dynamic relationship between the reader and the text by developing the role of the narrator and the narrators responsibility in shaping the overall structure of the work. His narrative creation would become a tradition explored by modern writers. By establishing the narrator as an intermediary, the narrator was free to create

Linda Hasselstrom s A Peaceful Woman - 2044 Words

An Analysis of Sexual Harassment Through A Critique of Linda Hasselstrom’s â€Å"A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun† In â€Å"A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun† by Linda Hasselstrom, the author illustrates the difficulties women face in today’s society (354-358). Sadly, Hasselstrom writes about many times when men harassed her sexually, physically, and mentally (354). She describes one situation in which she and a friend were staying at a campground, sleeping fifteen feet away from two young men at an adjacent campsite (355). The men were drinking alcohol and discussing what they would do to the women after dark (Hasselstrom 355). Scared for their safety, the women approached the park rangers and described the scenario, but the park rangers excused the young men’s behavior, saying, â€Å"Don’t worry girls. They’re just kidding† (Hasselstrom 355). The park rangers demonstrated how insincerely men’s threats towards women are taken in our society. Also, Hasselstrom describes how other nearby campers were ignoring the men’s threat s as well (355). Therefore, since no one seemed to be concerned about their safety, Hasselstrom and her friend left their campsite and illegally proceeded to another place in the woods to camp (Hasselstrom 355). Hasselstrom also recounts another instance in which she approached several men who had littered beer bottles, and were going to the bathroom, on her property(357). Hasselstrom politely asked the men to stop what they were doing

The Crucible †Rivalries Exposed in Act Three Free Essays

string(27) " their point across first\." The play is centred on the witch trials that actually took place in Salem, Massachusetts during 1692 and 1693. Miller wrote about the event as an allegory for McCarthyism which occurred in the United States in the 1950s. McCarthyism was a time of great anti-communist suspicion in the late 1940s and 1950s. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now The key connections in the two occurrences were that many people were accused on little or no evidence and all of it was inconclusive.Also, characteristic was the hysteria in all the places where the problems struck. ‘The Crucible’, is structured around four main themes which are, hatred, feuding, revenge and conflict of authority. All these add equal twists in the play. Hatred is a strong theme throughout the Salem Witch Trials. The strictness of Puritan laws meant people were bound to break them, whether on purpose or by accident, and the strong religious views shared in Salem aroused suspicion for the most trivial of matters. As a result of this, feuding was inescapable.Petty rivalries caused many arguments in varying situations, and the resulting tense atmosphere in Salem resembled a rumbling volcano just waiting to erupt. The subsequent controversial court hearings would bring out the worst in some people and possibly the best in others. Before the play began many rivalries were already in existence. Adultery had been committed and aggressive disputes over land had occurred. Personality clashes and ancestral feuds had set families at loggerheads with one another.Consequently, when opportunities arose to make accusations, which could result in hangings, many villagers jumped at the chance with glee; thus setting up the third main theme of the play – revenge. The final main theme of ‘The Crucible’ is conflict of authority. In Salem, Massachusetts, the people had no official, outright ruler of their lands; so trials were bound to spark a dispute about authority. Salem’s folk had a reclusive leader of their Puritan church, the Reverend Parris. He called in the learned Reverend Hale to investigate the witchcraft accusations.There were many officials of the court as well, including Cheever and the overall judges of the court, Danforth and Hathorne. All these characters had their own reasons to think themselves the deserved rulers of Salem. With many wise people living in the village, you could be sure that lots of heated discussions about who should be leader would occur. In the play, many characters are revealed to the audience, but one character we are familiar with from the start, is the village’s church leader, Reverend Parris.The whole chain of events could have easily been avoided had he been prepared to take a bit of criticism from the villagers, but Reverend Parris was too paranoid to allow that. This is ironic because the more he tried to stop trouble from arising, the more it actually happened. His main fear was that people were trying to uproot him and make him lose his place in their society. He was insecure. This is shown throughout the play, for example, in Act Three he says: Parris {in a sweat}: â€Å"Excellency, you surely cannot think to let so vile a lie be spread in open court! This is an example of many different devices. The staging says he was ‘in a sweat’ because he was worried and this shows he was not a strong character. Also this comment is the first example of dramatic irony in Act Three. It was ironic because he was talking about Proctor lying, and Proctor wasn’t lying, however Parris was. This was also an exclamatory line. It was meant to persuade Danforth to believe Parris and not Proctor. This was the first of many dramatic techniques used to highlight Proctor’s and Parris’ rivalry. Its demonstration of Parris’ insecurity remains a key feature for the duration of the play.An insecure leader would not exhibit strength, allowing bolder characters to be able to affect his decisions concerning the community. It also means he was swayed by others opinions. He didn’t have a definite mind of his own because of his paranoia of being uprooted. Before the start of the play, a strong dispute between Reverend Parris and John Proctor already existed. Although the rivalry was a key part of the entire play, it was highlighted in Act Three, as I have already shown. It’s the first rivalry to be exposed in this act.The rivalry reached its peak when John Proctor was falsely accused of compacting with the devil and Reverend Parris was trying to condemn him. This caused consternation throughout the village since John Proctor was portrayed as, and regarded as, a very intelligent man throughout ‘The Crucible’. He realised that the people accusing citizens of Salem of witchcraft were the guiltiest of all. This was one device Miller often used in this play – dramatic irony. When John Proctor was forced to defend himself he was quick to turn the accusations upon Abigail Williams and Reverend Parris.As Parris was so bothered about the family’s good name, he could not let anything stand that might affect his reputation, and as Abigail was part of his family, he had to start defending her too. At this point in the play, both characters were trying to make the other look bad. A lot of facts were revealed to the court about both Proctor and Parris. As Proctor was being questioned about compacting with the devil, he was quick to point out that Parris had not mentioned the fact that he caught the girls dancing naked in the forest at the start of the play. Proctor [Taking it right up]: â€Å"Abigail leads the girls to the woods, Your Honour, and they have danced there naked -† Parris: â€Å"Your Honour, this -† Proctor [at once]: â€Å"Mr Parris discovered them himself in the dead of night! There’s the ‘child’ she is! † At this point in the play, Reverend Parris was forced to be very defensive. The fact that Proctor interrupted Parris showed how desperate each character was to get their point across first. You read "The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three" in category "Papers" With the staging saying ‘[at once]’ it conveyed the fact that Proctor did not want Parris to be given the chance to speak.Also, Proctor was very impolite in saying ‘child’ in the way he did since this would certainly offend Abigail. In the same act, Proctor also admitted the strength of his hatred for Parris. Parris once again questioned him on his attendance and Proctor was very trut hful in his reply. The language Arthur Miller used at this point in the play revealed the degree of the mutual loathing and the putting of child in inverted commas showed Proctor’s disgust at the trust being invested in Abigail whom Parris regarded as ‘young’ and ‘innocent’. Parris: â€Å"Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month! † Danforth [restrained – he is curious]: â€Å"Not come to church? † Proctor: â€Å"I-I have no love for Mr. Parris. It is no secret. But God I surely love. † Parris was the first person to come out with an exclamatory line. He accused Proctor of not being a true Christian because of his poor attendance at church, but this only provoked Proctor to come back with an honest yet harsh reply, and he couldn’t be clearer in what he was saying.Even though throughout the play, their hatred for each other was made clear, this line was still key because it showed that Proctor was not afraid to admit, in court, that he did not like the clerical leader of Salem. I think this provides evidence that their rivalry was based on hatred. Proctor may have felt that Parris should rightfully be Salem’s church leader, but he did not agree with his policies and he did not believe he would be a good leader. Whilst their rivalry reached its peak in Act Three, their argument had, as noted, been ongoing throughout the play.For instance, in Act Two, as soon as Reverend Hale arrived, he was told to investigate the accused people’s household and it was clear that Parris was extremely quick to inform him that John Proctor attended church rarely compared to most. Proctor once again expressed his opinion in full and did not water it down. He was very truthful. Hale: â€Å"Good, then. [He makes himself a bit more comfortable. ] In the book of record that Mr. Parris keeps, I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. † Proctor: â€Å"No, sir, you are mistaken. † Hale: â€Å"Twenty-six time in seventeen month, sir.I must call that rare. Will you tell me why you are absent? †¦. . † This instantly showed that Parris had asked Hale to enquire about Proctor’s lack of attendance at church. Later in the conversation Proctor gave his foremost reason. Hale: â€Å"Mr. Proctor, your house is not a church; surely your theology must tell you that. † Proctor: â€Å"It does, sir, it does; and it tells me that a Minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar. † This made it clear why Proctor disagreed with Parris’ power, as he did not believe he was focussed on God. It was ironic that Proctor just wanted to simply praise the Puritan way, whereas, the Puritan Minister had controversial ideas that went against a key part of his faith of keeping things simplistic. This was again a use of dramatic irony – a technique continued throughout the play. It was not spoken dramatic irony but its effect was nonetheless profound. Not only did Proctor and Parris have a rivalry, but so to did Proctor and Parris’ niece, Abigail. This rivalry was also set-up before the play began. Before the beginning of the play Abigail and John Proctor had had an affair. This all happened whilst Proctor had a wife. We discover in the play that only Abigail, John Proctor and Elizabeth knew of the affair and Elizabeth had found it in her heart to forgive John for his wrong-doing. Although, John Proctor sincerely regretted the affair, there remained a complication in that Abigail still loved him. Abigail was blind to Proctor’s feelings; so she kept trying to rekindle their relationship, with no regard for Elizabeth. She wanted John for herself. Her desperation became so great that she stabbed herself in the stomach with a needle and tried to frame Elizabeth Proctor for witchcraft. She says: Abigail: â€Å"Goody Proctor always kept Poppets! †In reality, Abigail had planted the poppet on Elizabeth Proctor to try and get her arrested and hanged. This exclamatory line was aimed at the court, and said thus because it had a greater dramatic effect. No other information was given to lend focus to that single point. The court took this very seriously as Abigail, ironically, had become the most trusted person in all Salem and effectively directed the court proceedings. Returning to the important exclamatory line spoken, in Act Three, by Proctor regarding Parris and Abigail, his two biggest rivals: Proctor [at once]: â€Å"Mr. Parris discovered them himself in the dead of night!There’s the ‘child’ she is! † Proctor’s exclamation aimed an attack at Abigail by referring to her as a ‘child’. This language exposed Proctor and Abigail’s rivalry. He said this because children were seen as innocent and reliable and knew Abigail was regarded as such by most of Salem. The exclamatory line was intended to put in bad light Abigail’s pretence of child-like innocence as a mask for her manipulative behaviour. It also reflected badly upon Reverend Parris since he was part of the same family. ‘Child’ is put in inverted commas in the script to emphasize its pejorative use as the main point of his exclamation.Throughout the play, Proctor wanted Abigail to be exposed for the ‘whore’ she truly was. In doing this he was even willing to ruin the excellent reputation that he had in Salem. When he admits to having an affair with Abigail, he loses the people’s respect, because he is considered to have sinned within a Puritan community. But, as we see during the entire play, John is not afraid to address unpalatable truths. John Proctor also physically attacks Abigail in the court, unable to keep a level head when he sees the trouble her lies are causing. The staging says, [Without warning or hesitation, Proctor leaps at Abigail and, grabbing her by the hair, pulls her to her feet. She screams in pain]. . . . [and out of it all comes Proctors roaring voice. ] Proctor: â€Å"How do you call Heaven! Whore! Whore! † As we witness throughout the whole play, Proctor kept his temper well and for him to physically attack someone comes as a shock to the audience. It really shows how much he hated Abigail and how enraged she has managed to make him. His roaring voice shouts ‘Whore! Whore! ’ He is saying this because of their affair. It is in fact an accusation.Abigail actions seem to be motivated by a desire to seek revenge on John Proctor because he doesn’t love her. This is pathetic, for in doing this, she makes John Proctor’s feelings of loathing for her only the stronger. In the same act Proctor exclaims: â€Å"†¦She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave! †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He knows Abigail’s wish but does not agree with it and this exclamatory line lets everyone know he is against her. Abigail effectively takes the lead in making accusations although it is an unofficial role. She can accuse whoever she wants and the blind people of Salem are hooked on her every word.They never question her judgments or decisions until Proctor provokes Danforth to do so. Even then she avoids the question by quickly faking the sensing of a spirit, a device she frequently employs to get out of awkward situations; especially when Mary Warren finally stands up to her. But Mary is not at all confident in her accusations against Abigail. She has a really strong case, but as she doesn’t really want to accuse Abigail: aware of her strong character, she weakens and Proctor does more talking than Mary. Mary and Abigail’s is the shortest-lived rivalry. It actually only appears in Act Three and no other. Mary is acting as Proctor’s puppet and in the end the rivalry affects nobody except John Proctor who eventually is accused of compacting with the devil: Mary Warren [terrified, pleading]: â€Å"Abby! † Mary at this point is pleading. The staging shows she is terrified of Abigail. She is screaming Abigail’s name. It is not only the staging that shows Mary Warren’s fear but also the use of the exclamation mark. This reveals it is an exclamatory line and so adds to the tension because it is screamed. Act Three is a point in the play where Abigail has to be defensive.She does as she usually does and accuses Mary Warren of sending her spirit on the girls. You can see by the staging how fearful Mary is, not just of the court, but also of Abby. She screams Abby’s name, begging her not to accuse her and to stop lying, but Abigail’s character is too uncaring, too cruel, too persistent, too determined and too deeply committed to back out at this stage. She, Abigail, is such an amoral person, that she will see people hang rather than be told off for the dancing that occurs at the beginning of Act One. Another rivalry that centres on Act Three is that between Reverend Hale and Danforth.Throughout the Act, there is a clear conflict of authority. Reverend Hale, being a learned Church leader, knows Abigail is lying, and that the court is corrupt. We see Hale introduced in the first Act because Parris feels that such a clever man will put his village to rest. However, being a member of the church, Hale believes strongly in witchcraft and so it takes him a while to work out what is actually going on. When he eventually discovers the truth, the town has gone into hysteria, and with no official standing, he is powerless to stop it. In Act Three, he is treated by the court as a superfluous character.No-one wishes to listen to his point of view, and he holds no authority. Danforth is prominent in the court proceedings. He is only introduced in person in Act Three for the trials. His character is a very officious one. He is seemingly unconcerned by the fact that he is killing innocent people. He is just interested in following official court proceedings. He hates his trials being interrupted and so, he seeks to dismiss any inconvenient information likely to disrupt his foregone conclusions and therefore, ends up executing unfair trials. Hale notices this and is bitterly annoyed.The two of them have many arguments. In the arguments, they are always interrupting each other and shouting each other down. Each one of them always wants to get their point across first and though Hale has the more valid arguments, the fact that he has no power shows. Hale: â€Å"But this child claims the girls are not truthful, and if they are not – † Danforth: â€Å"That is precisely what I am about to consider, sir. What more may you ask of me? Unless you doubt my probity? † Hale [defeated]: â€Å"I surely do not. Sir. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  There are many examples of dramatic techniques that are used in this section.One can see how Danforth interrupts Hale. He also asks Hale rhetorical questions. He knows Hale cannot express his doubts about him in court without the likelihood that Danforth would try him for contempt. Hale knows that ultimately Danforth is in power. Additionally, Hale makes his final remark in a ‘[defeated]’ way realising there is no point in his arguing any further. Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams have a very indirect rivalry. They don’t have any face-to-face arguments, but they talk about each other, or carry out actions to hurt the other.As already noted, Elizabeth’s husband previously had an affair with Abigail. Naturally she is bitter and possibly jealous of the girl. But that is not shown in the play. Abigail’s hatred for Elizabeth is a lot clearer. She accuses Elizabeth Proctor of being a witch, and of harming her. When she sees Mary Warren, Elizabeth Proctor’s maid, putting a needle in a poppet she is going to give Elizabeth, Abigail stabs herself in the stomach just to get Elizabeth into trouble. This reveals her determination to be rid of Elizabeth. Giles Corey and Putnam have an enduring rivalry between.Their hatred for each other has been passed down through generations. Their disputes are always concerned with ownership of land. Giles: [over Proctor’s shoulder at Putnam]: â€Å"I’ll cut your throat, Putnam, I’ll kill you yet! † This quote shows Corey’s hatred for Putnam. The staging shows Corey was about to hit Putnam but Proctor restrains him. His exclamatory line says that Corey wants to kill Putnam. There is resentment between these characters because they can’t settle who owns what land. The dispute carries on into court and Corey is eventually tried for contempt of court.At the time in which ‘The Crucible’ was set if a man was condemned to death by law his family had no rights to his possessions. As Giles was a learned man, who had been to court many times, he knew that if he was pressed to death without pleading innocent or guilty, the trial would not have been complete. This would prevent his land from being taken from his family by Putnam. So, when he is having stones laid upon him to try and force him to plead innocent or guilty, he says nothing but ‘more weight’ and consequently dies.So, although Giles Corey loses his life, he keeps his land in within his family and thus succeeds in his aim to prevent it falling into Putnam’s grasp. In conclusion, Arthur Miller’s play ‘The Crucible’ has many dramatic devices used throughout its duration, but these become particularly prominent in Act Three. They are very effective in conveying the sense of hatred and tension between many of the characters. There are clear parallels to the society in which Arthur Miller found himself and through the vehicle f the play he expresses his disagreement with the court procedures, adopted by McCarthyism, which were in many ways similar to the ‘Salem Witch Trials’. There was a huge amount of paranoia within 1950s Ameri can Government, causing members to believe that innumerable communist people were trying to undermine their political ideas and destroy the American way of life by introducing communism. This paranoia and obsession grew, leading Senator Joe McCarthy to pass laws to restrict the activities of communists. This led to trials which resembled in many aspects the witch hunts which proceeded in Salem.Indeed the McCarthy era trials came to be known as ‘witch hunts’. Highly visible investigations were conducted with much publicity, supposedly to uncover subversive political activity and disloyalty, however, they were really to harass and weaken the entire political opposition. The witch hunts in ‘The Crucible’ were similar in that they were also corrupt and weren’t really used to search for witches, but to accuse innocent people within Salem for ulterior motives, e. g. long-standing rivalries and feuds. Although set in the past, Arthur Miller’s play is a poignant reflection on the times in which he lived. How to cite The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility Legal Anthropology

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility for Legal Anthropology. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is identified as an integral part of a companys operation. Haalboom (2012) mentioned that, most of the organizations all over the world have struggled to find out the practical implication of CSR. In this assignment, a CSR audit has been conducted for the company BHP Billiton. It is Anglo-Australian Multinational mining company founded in the year of 1885 (Fisher Grant, 2012). The company has revenue of A$ 61.2 billion in 2015. The company operates of processing, mining and oil and gas production operation in more than 25 countries. The company has donated 1% of the pre-tax profit in community programs for the last three year. The company has provided US$ 241.7 million for community donations. It includes US$ 100 million contribution by the BHP Billiton corporate entitles. Detail scope of engagement In order to conduct the CSR audit, the communication auditor has been provided some specific instructions. At first, it is required to analyze the current understanding of CSR. In order to do that, it is required to refer to academic literature and industry standards. Then it is required find out CSR commitment of the company BHP by carrying out some investigations. In order to do that, it is required to find out the CSR claims embedded in the vision and strategic documentation of BHP. Then it is required to analyze whether all the claims (actions arising from BHPS governance and performance documents) are measurable or not. Then it is required to analyze whether the company can demonstrate positive impact of its CSR policy or not. After that the communication auditor needs to find out the discrepancies between communicated intention and the corporate practices. Depending on the discrepancies it is required to provide some recommendation for the company BHP to improve its CSR policie s. Critical analysis of the current understanding about CSR As Mayes Pini and McDonald (2013) stated that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a global trend in various countries. There are various policies; CSR perspective and culture have been developed to manage responsibility of various organizations. It has been found that scope of various management theories are growing and theories of CSR are changing over time. As Hilson (2012) mentioned that, CSR can be defined as the bridge of connection between ecology, social community and the corporate world. According to Bice (2015), CSR is the concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concern in their business operations in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. On the other hand, (Fisher Grant, 2012) argued that CSR is not only a mean to fulfill legal expectations and governmental policies. It also includes concerns related with society development, harmonious ecology, environment and human capital. It has been found that Corporate S ocial Responsibility has common ground with sustainable development, hence they are always associated. Theoretical Framework (perspective of CSR) The concept of CSR emerged in during 1970s. It started to gain high profile drastically during 1990s. According to Andrew et al. (2012), CSR is all about how a company allocates its value to manage the behaviour and expectations of suppliers, stakeholders, employees, government regulators and social communities. Major CSR issues are such as stakeholder engagement, community relations, human rights, governance, labor standards, environmental engagement and social equity (Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015). There are many scholars have developed research works related with CSR in the area of management. It has been found that managers are the initial driver and CSR is utilized as the management concept in the area of enterprise. According to Fisher and Grant (2012), working with CSR indicates the perspective of being responsible to the society. In the figure given below, the CSR map for an organization has been analyzed. Figure 1: CSR map for an organization (Source: Lanis Richardson, 2012) It has been found that the goal of the organization is to improve long term sustainability and profitability. The goal of economy is to increase sustainable economic development related activities (Lii Lee, 2012). It has been found that, a company has to meet some responsibilities to its stakeholders. The stakeholders include customers, society, employees, local community and investors. An organization can provide value to its customers by improving quality of products and services and reduce price of products. Bice (2014) mentioned that values for employees can be increased by improving health safety and labor standards. Engagement in community activities like donations can improve value for local community. Enhancing business ethic, protecting human rights and environments can improve value for the society (Kirschke, 2014). On the other hand transparency and accountability can improve CSR value for the investors of the organization. National Responsible Competitiveness Standing in the era of national economy development, CSR is referred as the concept to enhance national economic competitiveness. Guidance for the progression of the sustainable future can be provided by the National responsible competitiveness. It provides a cooperative analysis of the national responsible competitiveness for a huge group of countries (Bisley Coyne, 2015). In accordance to the Sate of Responsible Competitive Index, Sweden is recognized as the most responsibly competitive country (Dashwood, 2014). This nation has strong urge for sustainable development. On the other hand, China utilizes international sustainability standards as a soft power to improve responsible competitiveness of all operating organizations in this country. It indicates that the Chinese Governments and Chinese organizations al already aware about the dynamics of responsible competitiveness. C-SR Model For various theories it has been found that CSR is a part of company management that has significant impact on the outcome of the corporate performance of an organization. As Wang Li and Gao (2014) stated that, measuring Corporate social performance (CSP) of an organization can help to analyze the CSR behavior of an organization. Meehan (2006) had provided a model to analyze the competitive strategy of an organization depending on social resources that provides triple bottom line benefits to an organization. It is known as3C-SR Model. Figure 2: 3C-SR Model (Source: Kirsch, 2014) Examining the CSR commitment of BHP Identification of the CSR claims embedded in the BHPs vision and strategic documents In terms of market capitalism, BHP Billiton is termed as the worlds third largest organization. It is a global mining, gas and oil organization that has headquarters in Melbourne. As Bisley and Coyne (2015) stated that the organization operates in more than 25 countries. It has more than 41,000 employees. BHP billion strives to develop long-term value with the help of discovery. The vision statement of the company is development and conversion of natural resources and the provisions of innovative. According to Lanis and Richardson (2012), the companies always try to develop market-focused and customer focused solutions in order to improve value for customers (CSR value). The major strategy of the organization to invest in world class, low cost and export related operations that reflect diversification across the market of different geographic regions. As Mayes (2015) stated that, it is the objective of the company to create sustainable value for their employees, contractors, shareholders, business partners and customers. The company aspires to cause zero harm to people, environment and its host communities and tries to achieve sustainable industry practices. The company is actively involved in CSR practices stating that Community programs are operating at four levels across the company- local, provincial or regional, national and global. The majority of the efforts occur locally at our operations where our businesses implement programs to develop and support the communities close to us and across the business, our business is to make positive contribution to the people to our host communities. Measuring the claims of BHP Figure 3: CSR rating for BHP (Source: Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015) It has been found that, allover CSR rating of the company is 62% in comparison to all global companies. This CSR rating for the company is constant for the last two years (2014-2016) (Lodhia Hess, 2014). The community rating is 58%, environment rating is 64%, employee rating 64% and the governance rating is 62% for the organization BHP Billiton (Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015). Coal mining involvement is a special issue that has affected the CSR rating for the company. Figure 3: History of CSR rating for BHP (Source: Dashwood, 2014) There is a table given below to mention the Corporate Social Responsibility requirements identified by the company BHP. Category Needs/ Requirements Child labor According to Bluszcz and Kijewska (2015), children cannot be hired at workplace before the completing their compulsory education. The minimum age to enter into the employment must not be lower than 15 years. Compulsory or forced labor The supplier of the company BHP makes sure that there is no bonded, forced or involuntary labor is associated with the company operation. Treatment towards employees The company has developed a working environment where all employees are treated with respect and dignity. It has been found that there is no sexual, verbal and physical abuse tolerated in the working environment of BHP. Wages Wages and benefits are provided to employees depending on the job standard. The minimum wage of the company is higher than the amount mentioned in the national legal standards or local industry benchmarks. In the states where no such standard exist, the company has to develop a wage standard that can meet the requirements living for the employees and their dependants. Health and Safety at workplace The company has taken appropriate precautionary measures in order to protect workers from work related hazards. All the workers are provided health and safety training in accordance to the requirements of the jobs. The company has provided clean, healthy, safe and specious work environment to the employees (Dashwood, 2014). All the safety policies of the organization comply with the HSEC Group Level documents. Freedom of Association The suppliers of the company have to adopt an open attitude to manage the legitimate activities of the trade unions. Protection World Heritage Sites The company has to make sure that none of the sources should be gathered from World Heritage listed sites or International Union for conservation of Nature Protected Areas. Corporate Social Responsibility requirements of BHP (Source: Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015) Examining whether BHP can demonstrate positive impact on the CSR policy It has been found from various research works and industrial analysis that the company BHP has demonstrated positive impact of the CSR policy by creating various foundations to help local communities: The company has developed BHP Billiton SEWA Society in India during the year of 2005 (Bluszcz Kijewska, 2015). It is also known as BHP Billiton India development Foundation. This foundation was developed to invest in the social and human resource capabilities in India. Special focus was given to various states of India like Orissa, Jhar Khand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. It provides attention in the sectors of health, education and rural development (Dashwood, 2014). BHP has developed The Minera Escondida Foundation to provide contribution to improve the quality of the life standard of low income people of Chile. The organization has developed The Tintaya Foundation in Peru. It is an independent non-profit company which was developed to support the Tintaya Copper operation (Bisley Coyne, 2015). The main objective of this foundation is to improve and promote participation and self-management process within the community of Tintayas areas of influence. It has high contribution in the sustainable development of this area. The organization has developed the Montelibano Educational Foundation in Colombia. As Bisley and Coyne (2015) stated that this foundation is mainly trying to focus on the educational provision for Cerro Matoso employees and their families. It also helps the needy students to find out shelter from the surrounding communities. Assessing the discrepancies between communicated intention and corporate practices of BHP Despite of several positive intentions taken by the company BHP, there are some discrepancies have been found between the communicated intention and the corporate practices of the company. As mentioned that, since the starting of the industrial age, the company BHP is listed as one of the 90 companies that extract and market fossil fuel that are responsible for 66% of the global Greenhouse gas emissions. It is ranked as the 19th largest corporate polluter all over the world (Lodhia Hess, 2014). Although the company has voluntarily reporting about direct GHG emissions since 1996, the company has been criticized for lobbying against carbon pricing in Australia (Bisley Coyne, 2015). On 5th November 2015, a flood occurred from a dam that holds waste water of an iron ore mine owned by BHP Billiton. A village was flooded and there were more than 17 people died during the flood. There were more than 50 peoples get injured and it caused enormous environmental damage. It had been termed as the biggest environmental disasters occur in the history of Brazil (Bisley Coyne, 2015). Recommendations to improve CSR policies of BHP In order to solve CSR related issues, there are some recommendations have been provided for the company BHP. They are mentioned below: 1. The company has to develop renewable energy sources in order to generate electricity. 2. BHP Billiton has to use economic instrument to control emissions of Green House Gas. The economic instrument includes emission fees that give permission to the company to achieve lower environmental costs. 3. It is required by the mining company to implement extra measures of energy efficiency. It also needs to take some initiatives to minimize non energy emission like methane emission from the site of landfills. 4. The company needs to invest more in the research works in order to estimate the environmental changes more correctly. 5. The company has to instruct its suppliers to eliminate child labor. The company also has to spread equal labor rights throughout the sub contracted operations. It has been found that many mining companies cut down labor expenses by employing workers with low wages. This problem can be sorted out by developing appropriate rules and regulations related with child rights. 6. The company has to take care of the working environment of the organization. It is required to develop such a working atmosphere where all employees are treated with respect and dignity. 7. BHP has to provide clear and safe working condition to the employees and need to provide safeguarding against any kind hazard and problem they face during their work. 8. The company BHP has to team up with other parts of the society like local governments and Trade unions to make sure that the incentives and wages are given to the employees are based on the minimum national and legal standards. Conclusion In this assignment a CSR audit has been developed for the company BHP. The theoretical approaches related with CSR have been discussed in this report in order to understand the concept of CSR properly. The CSR responsibility for the company has been measured and it has been demonstrated how the CSR policies of the company can spread positive impact on the community. The discrepancies of the CSR polices have also been analyzed in report. Depending on the discrepancies some recommendations have been provided to the company for future improvement of CSR policies. Reference list Andrew, N., Wickham, M., O'Donohue, W., Danzinger, F. (2012). 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Mayes, R., Pini, B., McDonald, P. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and the parameters of dialogue with vulnerable others.Organization,20(6), pp.840-859. Wang, L., Li, S., Gao, S. (2014). Do greenhouse gas emissions affect financial performance?an empirical examination of Australian public firms.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(8), 505-519.